舍饲条件下波尔山羊与河南淮山羊杂交羊生长发育、屠宰性能及肉品质特性研究

为了研究波尔山羊与河南淮山羊杂交羊的生长发育情况以及肌肉品质特性，本研究采用生长性能常规测定以及国标法和组织化学染色法对舍饲条件下的波淮杂交羊的体重体尺指标、屠宰性能、胴体肌肉的常规营养成分（水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、镁、铁和硒）、17种氨基酸含量和不同部位（臂三头肌、股二头肌、背最长肌）肌肉的纤维组织特性（肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度）进行测定分析。结果显示，波淮杂交羊初生阶段公羊体重、体斜长、体高、管围均显著高于母羊（P<0.05）；1月龄、3月龄和6月龄时公羊体重、体斜长、体高和胸围均显著高于母羊（P<0.05）；1岁以及1.5岁时公羊体重和体尺等指标均显著高于母羊（P<0.05）。6月龄屠宰的波淮杂交羊公母羊胴体重分别为12.94和11.33 kg，屠宰率分别为49.01%和48.34%，屠宰性能的各项指标均差异不显著（P>0.05）。胴体肌肉中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗灰分分别占比71.00%、2.10%、19.17%和2.31%，胆固醇含量为62.93 mg/100 g；镁、钙、铁、硒、磷的含量分别为248.00、40.57、17.00、0.08、210.12 mg/kg。赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸占FAO指标比例分别为123.87%、140.42%、102.88%，这3种氨基酸含量均高于FAO/WHO（理想蛋白模式）的评价标准；苏氨酸、亮氨酸占FAO指标分别为86.80%、82.00%，与FAO理想蛋白模式的氨基酸含量差距不大。苯丙氨酸占FAO指标的36.90%，与FAO理想蛋白模式的氨基酸含量差距较明显。臂三头肌的肌纤维直径（39.98 μm） > 股二头肌的肌纤维直径（36.53 μm） > 背最长肌的肌纤维直径（27.06 μm）。本试验结果表明，舍饲条件下波淮杂交羊屠宰性能较好，肌肉中的氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪和主要几种矿物质含量丰富，肌肉中脂肪呈现大理石纹状分布，为下一步地方山羊品种的杂交改良和优质羊肉产品开发提供了参考依据。

Study on Growth and Development,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics of Crossbreed Goat from Boer and Henan Huai Goat Under the Condition of House Feeding

In order to study the growth and muscle quality of cross breed goat from Boer and Henan Huai goat,the body weight,slaughtering performance,conventional nutrients (water,crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,calcium,phosphorus,magnesium,iron and selenium),17 kinds of amino acids content and different parts (arm triceps,biceps femoris,longissimus dorsi muscle) of the carcass muscles of cross breed goat from Boer and Henan Huai goat were determined by routine growth performance test,national standard method and histochemical staining the fiber tissue characteristics (muscle fiber diameter,muscle fiber density) of meat were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the body weight,body length,body height and tube circumference of Boer and Henan Huai hybrid ram were significantly higher than those of ewe (P<0.05) at the new born stage;The body weight,body length,body height and chest circumference of ram at 1,3 and 6 months were significantly higher than those of ewe (P<0.05);At the age of one year and 1.5 years,the body weight and body size of ram were significantly higher than those of ewe (P<0.05).The carcass weight of 6-month-old Boer and Henan Huai hybrid ram and ewe was 12.94 and 11.33 kg respectively,and the slaughter rate was 49.01% and 48.34%,respectively.There was no significant difference in slaughter performance (P>0.05).The percentage of moisture,crude fat,crude protein and ash in carcass muscle was 71.00%,2.10%,19.17% and 2.31% respectively,the cholesterol content was 62.93 mg/100 g;The content of Mg,Ca,Fe,Se and P were 248.00,40.57,17.00,0.08 and 210.12 mg/kg,respectively.The proportion of Lys,His and Arg in FAO was 123.87%,140.42% and 102.88%,respectively,which were higher than the evaluation standard of FAO/WHO (ideal protein model);The proportion of Thr and Leu in FAO was 86.80% and 82.00%,respectively,which were not significantly different from that of FAO ideal protein model.Phe accounted for 36.90% of FAO index,which was significantly different from the amino acid content of FAO ideal protein model.The muscle fiber diameter of arm triceps was 39.98 μm and higher than that of the biceps femoris muscle (36.53 μm) and longissimus dorsi muscle (27.06 μm).The results showed that the slaughtering performance of Bohuai hybrid goat was better under the condition of house feeding,the content of amino acid,protein,fat and several main minerals in muscle was rich,and the fat in muscle appeared marbling distribution,which provided a reference for the next crossbreeding improvement of local goat breeds and the development of high quality mutton products.