饲料中添加浒苔对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和肌肉品质的影响

试验旨在探究饲料中添加浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能和肌肉品质的影响。在鱼粉含量分别为18% (A)和15% (B)的基础饲料中添加0%、3%、6%的浒苔(记为A0、A3、A6、B0、B3、B6),共6组等氮等能饲料,饲喂初始体重为(3.0 ± 0.1) g的凡纳滨对虾8周。结果显示：A0组具有最大增重率(654.2%)和最低饲料系数(1.61),在18% 、15%鱼粉饲料中添加3%浒苔,对虾体生长性能没有显著影响(P> 0.05),添加6%浒苔, 显著降低了增重率,升高了饲料系数 (P < 0.05),降低了虾体粗脂肪含量(P < 0.05)；在18%、15%鱼粉饲料中添加3%、6%浒苔,显著降低了凡纳滨对虾的蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率和蛋白质消化率(P < 0.05)。在肌肉品质方面,A3、A6、B6组肌肉硬度和咀嚼性均较A0、B0组显著提高(P < 0.05)；饲料中添加6%浒苔显著提高了肌肉胶原蛋白含量,降低了肌肉煮失水率和冷冻失水率(P < 0.05)；以上结果表明,在凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加3%浒苔,对虾体生长性能没有显著影响,添加6%浒苔,降低了虾体增重率和饲料利用,但可改善肌肉品质。

Dietary effects of Enteromorpha prolifera on growth performance and flesh quality of Litopenaeus vannamei

This trila was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) on growth and flesh quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Two basal diets were designed to contain 18% (A) and 15% (B) fish meal, and then EP was added in both basal diets at the levels of 0%, 3%, 6% to form six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, , referring to A0, A3, A6, and B0, B3, B6, respectively. The six diets were fed to white shrimp with an initial body weight of 3.00 g for 56 days. The results showed that A0 group had the highest weight gain (WG, 654.2%) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.61). The supplementation of 3% EP in both basal diets did not significantly affect the growth performance, while the supplementation of 6% EP significantly decreased the WG, increased the FCR, and reduced the crude fat content of shrimp body (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% and 6% EP to 18% and 15% fishmeal diet significantly reduced the protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention efficiency (PRE), lipid retention efficiency (LRE) and apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein(ADCCP) (P < 0.05). In terms of flesh quality, the flesh hardness and chewiness of A3, A6 and B6 groups were significantly higher than thoseof A0 and B0 groups (P < 0.05). Dietary EP (6%) significantly increased the flesh collagen content and reduced the cooking loss, thawing loss (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of 3% EP in Pacific white shrimp diet did not significantly affect the growth, and 6% EP supplementation improved the flesh quality, although the supplementation reduced the weight gain and feed utilization.