生防菌基质促进黄瓜幼苗生长及防治枯萎病的研究

采用平板对峙法从15种生防菌中筛选出对黄瓜枯萎病菌抑制效果较明显的4种生防菌NSY4、NSY19、NSY50、DSN012。以津研4号黄瓜品种为试材,研究4种生防菌基质对黄瓜幼苗生长及枯萎病防治的作用。结果表明,生防菌NSY4基质可显著提高黄瓜幼苗的株高、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、地上部干质量、总根长及根体积,分别比不添加生防菌的对照增加42.86%、26.09%、47.06%、58.82%、57.58%和51.44%;黄瓜根际基质酶活性显著高于对照,蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别比对照提高了16.20%、37.60%、71.88%、5.22%。添加生防菌的基质处理显著增加了根际基质中细菌、放线菌数量,减少了真菌、尖孢镰孢菌数量;对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果达到25.00%～62.50%。因此,基质中接种生防菌可促进黄瓜植株生长,降低黄瓜枯萎病的发病率,其中添加生防菌NSY4的基质处理可显著促进黄瓜植株生长,有效缓解尖孢镰孢菌的侵害,对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果最佳。

Studies on Promoting Cucumber Seedling Growth and Controlling Cucumber Fusarium Wilt by Biocontrol Bacteria Substrate

Four kinds of biocontrol bacteria NSY4，NSY19，NSY50，DSN012 with measurable restraining effect on cucumber Fusarium wilt were screened from 15 biocontrol bacterias by slab opposing method．Taking cucumber（ Cucumis sativus L. cv Jinyan No. 4） as test material，this paper studied the effects of 4 biocontrol bacteria substrates on cucumber growth and Fusarium wilt control．The results showed that biocontrol bacteria substrate NSY4 could significantly increase the plant height of cucumber seedling，fresh weight of above ground part，fresh weight of underground part，dry weight of above ground part，and total root length and root volume，by 42.86%，26.09%，47.06%，58.82%，57.58% and 51.44% respectively， comparing with the CK-no adding of biocontrol bacteria．In addition，the enzyme activity of matrix in cucumber rhizosphere was significantly higher than that of the CK．Compared with the CK，the invertase， urease，phosphatase and catalase activity increased by 16.20%，37.60%，71.88% and 5.22%，respectively． The numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes in the treatment of adding biocontrol bacteria matrix were significantly increased．While，the numbers of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum were reduced．The control effect on cucumber Fusarium wilt had reached 25.00%-62.50%．Therefore，inoculating biocontrol bacteria matrix could promote cucumber plant growth and reduce incidence rate of cucumber Fusarium wilt．Treatment of adding biocontrol bacteria NSY4 to substrate could significantly promote cucumber plant growth， effectively alleviate the damage of Fusarium oxysporum，and had the best control effect on cucumber Fusarium wilt．