饲粮添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对绵羊生长性能与瘤胃发酵的影响

【目的】研究饲粮中添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对绵羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵的影响,为酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌在肉羊饲粮中的合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】试验选用48只4月龄、体重相近(22.96±2.00)kg、健康的杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交F₁代公羔,根据饲喂添加剂不同随机分为4组:D(对照组,两种菌均不添加);D1(酿酒酵母,6×10¹⁰ CFU/kg);D2(地衣芽孢杆菌,2×10¹⁰ CFU/kg);D3(酿酒酵母6×10¹⁰ CFU/kg+地衣芽孢杆菌2×10¹⁰ CFU/kg),每组12只羊,试验期共75 d,前15 d为适应期,正饲期60d。试验羊每天分别于08:00和18:00进行饲喂,自由采食和饮水。正饲期内每天准确称量记录每只试验羊的喂料量和剩料量,并在第1、30、60天晨饲前对试验羊进行称重,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重(ADG)及料重比(F/G)。试验结束当天08:00正常饲喂试验羊,3 h后采集瘤胃液,测定发酵参数、消化酶活性以及功能微生物。【结果】1)饲粮中添加酿...

Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Bacillus Licheniformis on Growth Performance and Rumen Fermentation in Sheep

【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance and rumen fermentation in sheep. 【Method】A total of 48 four-month-old healthy Dorper×Small Tail Han sheep ram lambs with similar body weight (22.96±2.00 kg) were randomly selected into 4 groups: D (the control group, without both bacteria); D1 (only adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6×10¹⁰CFU/kg), D2 (only adding Bacillus licheniformis, 2×10¹⁰CFU/kg), and D3 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6×10¹⁰CFU/kg + Bacillus licheniformis 2×10¹⁰CFU/kg), with 12 sheep of each group. The experiment was conducted over 75d, with a 15d adaptation and a 60d the formal period. The experimental sheep were fed 2 times per day (08:00 a.m., 18:00 p.m.), free ingestion and free drinking water. During the normal feeding period, each experimental sheep were recorded accurately the amount of feed and residual of weight every day. The experimental sheep were weighed before the morning feeding on the 1st, 30th and 60th day, and the average daily intake, average daily gain (ADG) and Feed/Gain (F/G) value were calculated. At 08:00 on the day of the end of the experiment, the experimental sheep were fed normally. After 3 hours, the rumen fluid was collected and the rumen fermentation, digestive enzyme activities, and functional microorganisms were determined. 【Result】The results showed as follows: (1) the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis in the diet had no significant effect on the final body weight and average feed intake of the test sheep (P>0.05). The ADG of D3 group was significantly higher than that of D group (P<0.05), and F/G value of D3 group was significantly lower than that of D group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between D1 and D2 groups in F/G value (P>0.05): (2) the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis in the diet had no significant effect on the rumen pH value, the concentration of butyric acid, and the value of Acetate/Propionate (A/P). The concentration of NH₃-N for D3 group was significantly lower than D group, but the concentration of TVFA and propionic acid was significantly higher than D group (P<0.05), with no difference among three experimental groups (P>0.05). The concentration of acetic acid in D3 and D2 group was significantly higher than that in D1 and D groups (P<0.05).3)The activity of β-glucosidase, carboxymethyl cellulose, xylanase, and amylase for D3 group was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant effect in the activities of β - glucosidase, pectase, carboxymethyl cellulose and amylase among D , D1 and D2 groups (P>0.05). The activity of protease in D3 group was significantly higher than D and D2 groups (P<0.05), with no significant difference between D3 and D1 groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in β-glucosidase, pectase, carboxymathy cellulose, xylanase, protease and amylase activities between D1 and D2 groups (P>0.05); (4) the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis in the diet had no significant effect on the amount of R. flavefaciens, P. ruminicola, R. amylophilus, and Protozoan(P>0.05). The amount of B.fibrisolvens for D3 group was significantly higher than the other 3 groups (P<0.05). The amount of R. albus and F. succinogensin D3 group were significantly higher than D group (P<0.05), with no significant difference among D1, D2 and D3 groups (P>0.05). Compared with the D group, the amount of Methanogensin experimental groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the D3 group was lowest. 【Conclusion】In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (6×10¹⁰CFU/kg) and Bacillus licheniformis (2×10¹⁰CFU/kg) had positive effects on rumen fermentation, which improved rumen digestive enzyme activity and increased the number of beneficial bacteria in rumen. Moreover, the combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis achieved better effect.