动物氨基酸转运载体的研究进展

氨基酸转运载体（AAT）是一类介导氨基酸从细胞外转运到细胞内的重要蛋白,也是一类能介导氨基酸相关的信号通路的重要营养物质感受分子,在机体的生长代谢、营养健康等方面具有重要作用。动物机体中存在多种类型的AAT,它们能感知机体内相关氨基酸水平的变化,介导细胞氨基酸感知信号通路——哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1（mTORC1）和一般性调控阻遏蛋白激酶2（GCN2）的激活,从而引起通路下游发挥作用。在不同组织细胞中,发挥主导作用的AAT存在差异,表明AAT具有组织特异性,同时,AAT也受多种因素的影响,比如动物机体本身、营养物质水平、激素水平等。作者主要从AAT的类型及转运机制、介导营养信号启动及对mTORC1通路和GCN通路的影响、在不同组织中的作用及AAT表达的调控4个方面进行综述,从宏观方面介绍了AAT,旨在为AAT的研究提供一些参考。

Research Progress on Animal Amino Acid Transporter

The amino acid transporter is an important protein that mediates the transport of amino acids from the outsides to the inside of cells and also is an crucial nutrient-sensing molecule that can regulate amino acid-related signaling pathways,which has significant effects in many aspects,including body's growth and metabolism,nutrition and health.There are many types of AAT in animal organisms that can sense changes of amino acid levels in the body,mediating cellular amino acid sensing signaling pathways-mammalian rapamycin target protein complex 1 (mTORC1) and general control nonderepressible 2(GCN2) to active,which causes the downstream of the hair pathway to function.The leading AAT exists diversity in different tissues,indicating that AAT is tissue-specific,simultaneously,AAT is also affected by many factors,such as the animal body itself,nutrient levels,hormone levels,and so on.This review focuses on four aspects to understand AAT macroscopically,including the types and transport mechanisms of AAT,mediating the initiation of nutrient signaling、mTORC1 pathway and GCN pathway,the role of ATT in different tissues,and the regulation of AAT expression,in order to provide some useful knowledge for AAT research.