不同施肥方式对冬春茬甘蓝根际土壤酶活性、土壤养分及品质的影响

施肥是影响土壤养分、土壤生物学特性及农作物品质的重要因素。为了探明西南紫色土地区冬春茬甘蓝露地栽培条件下，增施有机肥对甘蓝栽培的影响，以早熟耐抽薹的2个春甘蓝品种为试验材料，设置100%化肥(CK)、70%化肥+30%有机肥(T1)、50%化肥+50%有机肥(T2)及100%有机肥(T3)共4种不同有机肥与化肥配比处理，系统比较了增施有机肥对春甘蓝根际土壤酶活性、土壤养分及甘蓝品质的影响。结果显示，增施有机肥对土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量及甘蓝品质均有明显影响。同一甘蓝材料，根际土壤转化酶、β 葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶的活性均表现为T3>T2>T1>CK，大量增施有机肥的处理T3、T2土壤酶活性均显著高于CK；处理T3、T2的土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量也明显高于CK，以T3含量最高，而不同施肥处理的土壤速效氮含量则无显著差异；根际土壤酶活性与土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾等养分指标间均存在显著相关关系。此外，T3处理的春甘蓝综合品质最高，T2与T1次之。同种施肥处理下，不同甘蓝品种间的土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量无显著差异，但品质差异显著。由此说明，减少化肥投入、增施有机肥可以提高西南紫色土地区的土壤质量，促进甘蓝综合品质的提高，研究为生产安全优质的蔬菜产品及发展可持续农业提供了依据。

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Soil Enzyme Activity,Soil Nutrients and Quality of Spring Cabbage

Fertilization is an important factor affecting soil nutrients, soil biological characteristics and crop quality. In order to investigate the effects of cultivation methods on soil enzyme activities, soil nutrients in spring cabbage rhizosphere and cabbage quality in purple soil area of Southwest China, two types of early maturing and bolting resistant spring cabbage varieties were used as experimental materials using open field cultivation experiments in Nanchong, Sichuan province. Four fertilization treatments, including 100% chemical fertilizer (CK), 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% organic fertilizer (T1), 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% organic fertilizer (T2) and 100% organic fertilizer (T3), were used to comparatively study the effect of applying organic fertilizer on enzyme activities and nutrients in rhizosphere soil of spring cabbage, and cabbage quality. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer had obvious effects on soil enzyme activities, soil nutrient contents and cabbage quality. The activities of invertase, β glucosidase, urease, protease, acid phosphatase and catalase in rhizosphere soil of the same cabbage material showed the trend of T3>T2>T1>CK. Soil enzyme activities in treatments of T3 and T2 were significantly higher than those in CK. The contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in T3 and T2 treatments were significantly higher than those in CK, and T3 had the highest values. However, there was no significant difference in the content of soil available nitrogen between different fertilization treatments. There was a significant correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and other nutrient indicators. Under the same fertilization treatment, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content of different cabbage materials had no significant difference, but the quality of cabbage had significant difference. Increased the application of organic fertilizer can improve soil quality in purple soil region of southwest China, and thus could promote the improvement of comprehensive quality of spring cabbage. The present research provided a basis for the production of safe and high quality vegetable products and the development of sustainable agriculture.