基于鲟鱼头部曲线的植保分禾吊杆组合装置设计与试验

针对作物生长中后期进行植保作业时茎叶背面及植株中、下部雾滴沉积较差的问题,以鲟鱼头部曲线为仿生原型,进行了植保仿生分禾与吊杆组合施药装置设计与试验。基于仿生构建提取了鲟鱼头部轮廓曲线,实现分禾叶片结构仿生,并分析了茎叶减伤机理,通过理论分析建立茎秆弯曲和回弹数学模型,确定了分禾叶片宽度、喷头距分禾叶片尾端距离等关键结构参数。运用ADAMS仿真软件模拟分禾叶片与茎秆的接触全过程,检验仿生分禾叶片相对于原型圆弧分禾叶片的降阻减伤效果。通过正交旋转组合试验探讨结构及工作参数对行进阻力及雾滴沉积度的影响规律,采用蚁群算法对数学回归模型进行多目标优化,获得Pareto最优解集,确定最佳参数组合为行进速度7.0 km/h、倾斜角16°、距地高度155 mm,在此参数组合下行进阻力38.7 N,平均雾滴沉积度31.5个/cm^2。田间性能试验表明,试验结果与优化结果误差较小;与传统施药方式相比,仿生植保分禾与吊杆组合装置能够显著改善雾滴在植株中、下部的沉积情况,其变异系数为5.3%;与现有原型圆弧分禾装置相比,仿生分禾装置可使雾滴沉积度提高13.6%、前进阻力降低20.7%,行进阻力变化趋势与仿真结果误差较小。

Design and Experiment of Plant Protection Opener Suspender Combination Device Based on Sturgeon Head Curve

Aiming at the problem of poor droplet deposition on the back of the stems and leaves and the middle and lower parts of the plants during plant protection operations in the middle and late stages of crop growth,the sturgeon head curve was used as a bionic prototype to design and test a plant protection bionic cropping and hanging rod combined pesticide application device.Based on the bionic construction to extract the head contour curve of the sturgeon,realize the bionics of the opener blade,analyze the damage reduction mechanism of the stem and leaf,and establish the mathematical model of the stem bending and rebound through theoretical analysis to determine the width of the opener blade and the distance between the nozzles.Key structural parameters such as the distance from the tail end of the opener blade were obtained.The ADAMS simulation software was used to simulate the whole process of the contact between the opener blade and the stems,and the effect of the bionic opener blade on reducing drag and injury compared with the prototype blades was tested.Through orthogonal rotating combination experiments,the influence degree and law of structure and working parameters on traveling resistance and droplet deposition degree were discussed,and the mathematical regression model was optimized by using ant colony algorithm to obtain the Pareto optimal solution set and determine the best parameter combination,which was as follows:the traveling speed was 7.0 km/h,the inclination angle was 16°,and the height was 155 mm from the ground.Under these parameter combination,the traveling resistance was 38.7 N,and the average droplet deposition degree was 31.5/cm^2.The results were verified by field performance experiments,and the error between experiments and optimization was small;compared with the traditional method of pesticide application,the bionic plant protection opener and suspender combination device can significantly improve the deposition of fog droplets in the middle and lower parts of the plant,with a coefficient of variation of 5.3%;compared with the existing prototype the bionic opener device can increase the degree of droplet deposition by 13.6%,reduce the forward resistance by 20.7%,and had a smaller error between the trend of the movement resistance and the simulation result.This research provided design reference for the development of high-efficiency pesticide application technology for stems and leaves.