利用基因组信息提高畜禽生产性能研究进展

为了满足人们对畜产品需求的快速增长，必须在加快畜禽产业发展的同时把对环境的影响降到最低，提高畜禽遗传特性有望促进这一问题的解决。进入21世纪以来，以基因组选择为核心的分子育种技术迎来了发展机遇，利用该技术可实现早期准确选择，从而大幅度缩短世代间隔，加快群体遗传进展，并显著降低育种成本。虽然在某些畜种中（如奶牛），基因组选择取得了成功，群体也获得较大遗传进展，但仍无法满足快速增长的需求。因此，亟需寻找能够进一步加快遗传进展的方法。研究表明，在SNP标记数据中加入目标性状的已知功能基因信息，可以提高基因组育种值预测的准确性，进而加快遗传进展。而挖掘更多基因组信息的同时，开发更优化的分析方法可以更有助于目标的实现。文章总结了主要畜禽物种的可用基因组数据，包括牛、绵羊、山羊、猪和鸡以及这些数据是如何有助于鉴定影响重要性状的遗传标记和基因，从而进一步提高基因组选择的准确性。

Research Progress on Genomic Information for Livestock Improvement

In order to meet the rapid growth of demand,we must speed up the development of livestock and poultry industry and minimize the impact on the environment.Improving the genetic characteristics of livestock and poultry is expected to promote the solution of this problem.Since the 21st century,the molecular breeding technology with genome selection as the core has provided opportunities.Early and accurate selection can be realized using this technology,which can greatly shorten the generation interval,accelerate the progress of population genetics,and significantly reduce the breeding cost.Although in some breeds,such as dairy cows,genome selection has been successful,and the population has also made great genetic progress,but still can not meet the rapid growth needs.Therefore,it is necessary to find ways to further accelerate genetic progress.The results showed that adding the known functional gene information of target traits to SNP marker data could improve the accuracy of gene breeding value prediction and accelerate the genetic progress.While mining more genomic information,developing more optimized analysis methods can be more conducive to the realization of the goal.This paper summarizes the available genomic data of major livestock and poultry species,including cattle,sheep,goats,pigs and chickens,and how these data can help identify genetic markers and genes that affect important traits,so as to further improve the accuracy of genomic selection.