凝结芽孢杆菌在生猪养殖中的应用及其作用机理的研究进展

近年来集约化养殖已成为畜牧业的发展方向，养殖规模越来越大，特别是生猪养殖是关乎民生的支柱性产业，占整个畜牧业养殖规模的一半以上。如何在保证生猪养殖业可持续发展的基础上，提高生产效益并达成无抗养殖已成为当下的研究热点。凝结芽孢杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）作为一种新型饲用益生菌，兼具乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌的性质，既能产生乳酸，又能形成芽孢；具有改善生猪肠道健康、提高机体免疫力和抗病能力、调节肠道菌群平衡和提高动物生产性能等作用，在生猪养殖中具有很大的应用前景。作者概述了凝结芽孢杆菌的生物学特性；重点总结了凝结芽孢杆菌在无抗日粮、替抗方案、有抗日粮、与其他添加剂混合使用以及其他方面对生猪生产性能的影响；并从肠道健康与消化吸收、机体免疫力和肠道菌群平衡方面结合已有的试验结果分析了凝结芽孢杆菌对生猪生长性能改善的作用机理；提出了凝结芽孢杆菌在生猪养殖应用中存在的问题及建议，以期为进一步开发应用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂提供参考。

Advance on the Application and Mechanism of Bacillus coagulans in Pig Breeding

In recent years, intensive farming has become the development direction of animal husbandry, with the larger and larger scale of breeding. Especially, as a pillar industry related to people's livelihood, pig breeding accounts for more than half of the whole animal husbandry. On the basis of ensuring the sustainable development of pig breeding industry, how to improve production efficiency and achieve resistance-free farming has become a current research hotspot. As a new type of feed probiotics, Bacillus coagulans has the properties of both lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, which can not only produce lactic acid, but also form spores. There are such functions as improving the intestinal health of pigs, building up the immunity and disease resistance, regulating the balance of intestinal flora and boosting the performance of animal production, so it has a great application prospect in pig breeding. The biological characteristics of Bacillus coagulans were reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile, the paper focuses on the effects of Bacillus coagulans on pig production performance in non-resistant diet, alternative antibiotics, diets containing antibiotics, mixed with other additives and other aspects. Combined with the existing experimental results, the mechanism of Bacillus coagulans on improving the growth performance of pigs was analyzed from the balance of intestinal health, digestion and absorption, immunity and intestinal flora. The problems and suggestions in the application of Bacillus coagulans in pig breeding were also put forward in order to provide reference for the further development and application of Bacillus coagulans preparation.