基于温室番茄产量和果实品质对加气灌溉处理的综合评价

【目的】研究不同灌水水平和滴头埋深条件下加气灌溉对温室番茄产量、灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE)和果实品质的影响,进而对不同试验处理进行综合评价。【方法】试验以常规地下滴灌(S)为对照,设置在W1、W2和W3(对应作物-皿系数kcp分别为0.6、0.8和1.0)3个灌水水平与D1和D2(分别对应15 cm和25 cm)2种滴头埋深下进行加气灌溉(O),共12个处理。基于各处理下果实产量和品质指标的差异,通过主成分分析法探索较优的试验处理。【结果】加气灌溉下单株产量、单果重、IWUE、果实中番茄红素、Vc、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比较对照分别显著增加了21.2%、23.9%、21.0%、28.1%、36.0%、22.8%和28.0%(P<0.05)。主成分分析中,第1主成分主要受番茄红素、Vc、灌溉水分利用效率和糖酸比的正影响,且处理W2D1O和W2D2O的得分分列第1和2名。因此处理W2D1O和W2D2O在兼顾节水和番茄果实营养品质方面较优。第2主成分主要受单株产量的正影响和有机酸的负影响,各处理有机酸含量未形成显著性差异且处理W3D1O的单株产量最高,因此得分最高。处理W3D1O的综合得...

Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Oxygation Treatments Based on Fruit Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

【Objective】 Oxygation is defined as the delivery of aerated water directly to the root zone by subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and is recognized to increase yield and water use efficiency (WUE) through improving soil aeration around SDI drippers. The specific objective was to assess the effects of oxygation under different irrigation amounts and trickle-buried depths conditions on fruit yield and quality and IWUE (irrigation water use efficiency) of greenhouse tomato, and then the optimal treatment was explored through principal component analysis. 【Method】 Greenhouse-based experiments were conducted during tomato growing season (from Aug. 18, 2016 to Jan. 9, 2017) under the oxygation (O) and unaerated SDI (S, CK) conditions, which included three different irrigation levels correlated with crop-pan coefficients (k_cp) being 0.6 (W1), 0.8 (W2) and 1.0 (W3) and two different emitter depths of 15 cm (D1) and 25 cm (D2), respectively. Consequently, there was a total of 12 treatments (W1D1O, W1D1S, W2D1O, W2D1S, W3D1O, W3D1S, W1D2O, W1D2S, W2D2O, W2D2S, W3D1S and W3D2S) and replied 3 times. 【Result】 The results showed that yield per plant, fruit weight, IWUE, the content of lycopene, vitamin C, soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio in fruit with oxygation were significantly increased by 21.2%, 23.9%, 21.0%, 28.1%, 36.0%, 22.8% and 28.0%, respectively (P<0.05), compared with the CK. In the principal component analysis, the first principal component was positively affected by lycopene, Vc, IWUE and sugar-acid ratio, and W2D1O and W2D2O were ranked the first and second, respectively. Therefore, compared with other treatments, W2D1O and W2D2O were better in both reducing irrigation water application and improving nutritional quality of tomato fruits. The second principal component was positively influenced by yield per plant and negatively affected by the content of organic acid. Meanwhile, the content of organic acid showed no significant differences among all treatments. What’s more, the yield per plant under W3D1O was the highest. Consequently, the score of the second principal component of W3D1O was the highest. The comprehensive scores of W3D1O were ranked the first among the 12 treatments. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, in this experiment, the combination of k_cp being 1.0 with emitter depths of 15 cm under oxygation conditions could best meet the requirements of reducing irrigation water application and improving fruit yield and quality. In a word, the exploration of optimal treatment provided a theoretical basis for the applying of oxygation.