两种固氮芽孢杆菌菌剂在小麦-玉米轮作区大田试验效果评价

微生物菌剂大田试验对开发适用于农业生产的微生物肥料具有重要指导意义。对前期筛选获得的两种固氮芽孢杆菌菌剂进行小麦-玉米轮作区的大田试验，并对试验效果进行评价。与对照相比，两种菌剂对小麦和玉米的开花、结穗时间均没有影响，对小麦拔节期和孕穗期的株高和鲜重均具有显著提高作用。在小麦产量构成因素中，固氮芽孢杆菌菌剂1可显著提高千粒重，而固氮芽孢杆菌菌剂2可显著提高穗数，两种菌剂均显著提高小麦总产量，最高达到(6 211.24±92.95) kg·hm-2，比对照增产16.23%，其中固氮芽孢杆菌2在减施15%氮肥的情况下，产量达到(6 056.27±24.14) kg·hm-2，相较于减15%氮肥的对照处理增产23.20%，比正常对照增产13.84%。两种菌剂对玉米株高、叶长和叶宽均具有不同程度的促生长作用；在收获期，玉米株高和植株鲜重也显著增加。在对玉米产量的影响方面，与减氮15%的对照相比，两种微生物菌剂均能显著提高玉米穗鲜重、穗干重、穗长、穗宽和百粒重，固氮芽孢杆菌菌剂1处理后产量达到(8 56 6.27±157.87)kg·hm-2，固氮芽孢杆菌菌剂2处理后产量达到(8 602.70±122.79) kg·hm-2，比减氮对照分别增产18.58%和19.09%。与正常施用氮肥的对照相比，两种菌剂处理后分别增产9.30%和9.78%。上述结果为丰富我国微生物肥料品种资源提供研究基础，为小麦、玉米等作物的微生物肥料的田间施用技术推广提供研究数据。

Effect Evaluation of Field Experiment of Two Paenibacillus sp.Agents in Wheat Maize Rotation Area

The field application experiment of microbial agents has an important guiding significance for the development of microbial fertilizers suitablefor practical agricultural production. In this study, two Paenibacillus sp. agents screened in the previous study were used in the field experiment of wheat maize rotation area, and the effect was evaluated. Compared with the control, the two kinds of microbial agents had no effect on bloom, ear setting time. The plant height and fresh weight of wheat at jointing and booting stage were significantly improved. Among the yield components of wheat, the agent 1 significantly increased the 1 000 grain weight; the agent 2 significantly increased the number of ears. Both microbial agents significantly increased the total yield of wheat, and the highest yield reached (6 211.24±92.95) kg·hm-2, compared with the control, the yield increased by 16.23%. The yield of agent 2 under 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer reached (6 056.27±24.14) kg·hm-2, 23.20% higher than that of the control with 15% nitrogen reduction, and 13.84% higher than that of the normal control. The two agents also had different effects on plant height, leaf length and leaf width of maize. During the harvest period, the plant height and fresh weight of maize increased significantly. Compared with 15% nitrogen reduction, the two microbial agents significantly increased ear fresh weight, ear dry weight, ear length, ear width and 100 grain weight. Compared with the control with 15% nitrogen reduction, the two agents significantly increased ear fresh weight, ear dry weight, ear length, ear width and 100 grain weight. After treating with agent 1, the yield reached (8 566.27±157.87) kg· hm-2, and the agent 2 reached (8 602.70±122.79) kg· hm-2, which increased by 18.58% and 19.09%, respectively compared with the control of nitrogen reduction. Compared with the control with normal application of nitrogen fertilizer, yield increased by 9.3% and 9.77%, respectively. This study provided a basis for enriching the variety resources of microbial fertilizers in China, and provided research data for popularizing the field application technology of microbial fertilizers for wheat, maize and other crops.