几种植物型非常规原料在养猪业中的应用现状及前景

中国是一个农业大国，其中生猪养殖是中国农业的支柱产业。然而，饲料原料紧缺、长期依赖进口是中国畜牧行业的基本现状，因此，开发饲用非常规原料对生猪养殖意义重大。植物型非常规饲料原料构树、菊苣、桑叶和苜蓿具有营养价值高、产量大、加工贮藏方便的优点，因而具有作为非常规饲料原料替代常规饲料的潜力。新鲜构树叶和构树叶干粉均可用于生猪养殖，构树叶干粉的最佳添加量在10%左右。菊苣含有多糖、有机酸、黄酮等多种生物学活性物质和良好的适口性，也是一种在养殖中极具潜力的饲料来源。适量的桑叶添加不仅可以实现母猪生产性能的提升，也可以实现育肥猪的肉质改善，桑叶干粉的最适添加量为6%~10%，发酵后其使用量可以进一步得到提升。苜蓿作为"牧草之王"具有蛋白质含量高、氨基酸含量平衡的优点，在包括断奶仔猪、生长猪、育肥猪以及妊娠母猪等各个生长阶段都可以实现其生物学功能。这几种非常规饲料原料在生猪养殖中具有替代部分日粮的潜力，作者从营养价值、饲用方式以及应用现状等方面介绍构树、菊苣、桑叶及苜蓿4种植物型非常规原料的应用。

Application Status and Prospect of Several Unconventional Plant Materials in Pig Industry

China is a big country of agriculture,among which pig breeding is the pillar industry.However,the shortage of feed materials and long-term dependence on imports are the basic status of China's livestock industry.Therefore,to exploit unconventional feed is of great significance for pig breeding.Unconventional feed derived from plants,including Broussonetia papyriferal, Folium mori,Cichorium intybus L.and Medicago sativa have the advantages of high nutritional value and yield,besides,their feature of convenient processing and storage,make them potential to replace conventional feed.Both fresh leaves and dried leaves of Broussonetia papyriferal can be used for pig breeding,and the best additive amount of dried leaves is about 10%.Cichorium intybus L.contains polysaccharides,organic acids,flavonoids and other biological active substances,in addition to its good palatability,it is also a potential feed source in pig breeding.An appropriate amount of Folium mori addition can not only improve the production performance of sows,but also improve the meat quality of fattening pigs.The optimal addition amount of Folium mori powder is 6%-10%,which can be further improved after fermentation.As the "king of herbage",Medicagosativa has the advantages of high protein content and balanced amino acid content,its biological function can be achieved at various growth stages of pigs,including weaned piglets,growing pigs,fattening pigs and pregnant sows.These kinds of unconventional feed have the potential to replace partly of the diet in pig breeding.This paper introduced the application of four kinds of plants derived unconventional feeds from the aspects of nutritional value,feeding method and application status.