不同品种猕猴桃园节肢动物群落特征及主要类群生态位分析

随着猕猴桃栽植规模的不断扩大，虫害问题日益严峻。为了探究猕猴桃品种差异化的害虫生态调节理论，选择陕西关中地区主栽红阳、海沃德、翠香3个品种猕猴桃园，采用五点取样法、网扫法、陷阱法及灯诱法，系统调查各个品种猕猴桃园节肢动物种类和数量；分析群落的丰富度、多样性、均匀度和优势度等群落多样性特征和主要类群的时空二维生态位特征。结果表明，红阳猕猴桃园的优势类群为隐翅甲科（Carabidae）和薪甲科（Latridiidae），优势度指数分别为0.309 4和0.224 5；而海沃德、翠香猕猴桃园的优势类群均为薪甲科，优势度指数分别为0.471 0和0.550 9；3个品种猕猴桃园节肢动物群落稳定性无显著差异。在害虫-天敌体系中，红阳猕猴桃园中草蛉科（Chrysopidae）与蚜科（Aphididae）时空二维生态位重叠值较高，达0.90；海沃德猕猴桃园中姬小蜂科（Eulophidae）与介壳虫科（Coccidae）及蚜科生态位重叠值较高，达0.84和0.79；而翠香猕猴桃园中草蛉科与蚜科生态位重叠值较高，达0.91，瓢甲科（Coccinellidae）与蚜科和介壳虫科生态位重叠值也较高，达0.82和0.75。结果明确了不同品种猕猴桃园节肢动物群落结构和害虫-天敌体系的差异性，因此可差异化地利用天敌来防治害虫，并为提高猕猴桃产量和品质、保护果园生态系统提供理论依据。

Study on Arthropod Community Structure Characteristics and Niche of the Main Groups in Different Kiwifruit Varieties Orchard

Insect pest problem is increasingly serious with the continuous expansion of kiwifruit planting scale. To explore pest ecological regulation theory of different kiwifruit varieties, this paper chosed kiwifruit orchards in Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province mainly planting Hongyang, Haiwode, and Cuixiang 3 varieties; systematically investigated arthropod species and quantity of each kiwifruit variety orchards using 5 random points sampling method, net method, trap method and light trap method; and analyzed the community richness, diversity, evenness and dominance degree and two-dimensional ecological niches of main class groups. Results showed that the dominant pests in Hongyang kiwifruit orchard were Carabidae and Latridiidae, and dominance index were 0.309 4 and 0.224 5, respectively. While, that in Haiwode and Cuixiang kiwifruit orchards were both Latridiidae, and dominance index were 0.471 0 and 0.550 9, separately. There was no significant difference in arthropods community stability among 3 kiwifruit varieties. In pests-natural enemies system, the space-time niches overlap value of Chrysopidae and Aphididae in Hongyan kiwifruit orchard was higher, reaching 0.90. The niches overlap value of Eulophidae and Coccidae/Aphididae in Haiwode kiwifruit orchard were higher, reaching 0.84 and 0.79, separately. While, the niches overlap values of Chrysopidae and Aphididae were higher, reaching 0.91. That of Coccinellidae and Coccidae/Aphididae were also higher, reaching 0.82 and 0.75, separately in Cuixiang kiwifruit orchard. The results showed that there were differences in arthropod community structure and pest-natural enimals system in kiwifruit orchard with different kiwifruit varieties. Therefore, we can differentially use natural enemies to control insect pests. The results provided theoretical basis for protect orchard ecosystem and improve kiwifruit yield and quality.