不同补光位置下草莓光合特性、光能和电能利用效率研究

以草莓为试验材料,激光植物生长灯(光质组成红∶蓝=7∶1)为光源,研究了日光温室不同补光位置(顶端补光C1、水平补光C2、不补光CK)对其光合特性、光能利用效率和电能利用效率的影响。结果表明:①C1、C2与CK相比显著提高植株长势,C1处理下植株的根部发育更好。②通过阴天加密观测温室内各处理由北向南(I～V)植株叶片的光合特性发现,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度的南北差值均为CK最大,C2最小。③通过阴天下测量各处理植株10:00和14:00的叶片叶绿素荧光参数发现,F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o两个值均以C2最高,CK最低;非光化学淬灭以CK最大,C2最小。④各处理草莓果实光能利用效率在果实成熟过程中整体为先下降后上升然后再下降的趋势,在花后21 d达到最大;各处理电能利用效率变化趋势与光能利用效率相同,在花后14 d达到最大;生产单位质量草莓果实所需的光量子数以CK(4.905)最多,C1(3.171)最少;C1和C2生产单位质量草莓果实消耗的电能分别为8.207和8.507 kJ·g~(-1)。⑤C1和C2处理下草莓果实的单果重、产量、糖、酸及VC等指标均优于CK。

Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Light Energy and Electric Energy Efficiency of Strawberry Under Different Light Supplement Positions

Using strawberry as material and laser plant growth lamp (light quality composition red: blue=7:1) as light source, this paper studied the effects of different light supplement positions (top light supplement C1, horizontal light supplement C2 and no light supplement CK) on photosynthetic characteristics, light use efficiency (LUE) and electric use efficiency (EUE) in solar greenhouse. The results showed that: ①Compared with CK, C1, C2 significantly increased plant growth, and root development was better under C1. ② Through the observation of the photosynthetic characteristics of plants from north to south (I~V) in the greenhouse on cloudy days, it was found that the difference of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) between north and south was the largest in CK and the smallest in C2. ③The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves at 10:00 and 14:00 were measured under cloudy sky. It was found that the highest value of Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo was C2, and CK was the lowest; the highest value of NPQ was CK, and C2 was the lowest. ④ During the ripening process, the LUE in each treatment of strawberry fruit declined first, then increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at 21 d after flowering. The variation trend of the EUE in each treatment was the same as that of light energy, reaching the maximum 14 d after the flowering. The quantum of light required to produce strawberry fruit per unit mass was the maximum CK (4905) and the minimum C1 (3171). The energy consumption per unit mass produced by C1 and C2 was 8207 and 8507 kJ·g-1, respectively. ⑤ The single fruit weight, yield, sugar, acid and VC of strawberry fruits treated with C1 and C2 were better than CK.