长期施肥下华北潮土生产力演变及影响因素分析

【目的】华北潮土区是我国小麦和玉米的主产区。明确潮土生产力的变化规律,探明影响潮土生产力的主要因素,为潮土的作物增产和可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】以国家级潮土长期定位监测点位为平台,利用时间趋势分析和中值分析方法分别总结其生产力和土壤肥力因素在不同监测时期变化趋势;并运用逐步回归和通径分析方法分析作物产量的影响因素。【结果】近31年来常规施肥下华北潮土生产力监测结果显示,整个监测期间小麦产量呈上升的趋势,小麦产量均值为6 443 kg·hm^-2。1988—1993年小麦平均产量为2 814 kg·hm^-2,2014—2018年小麦平均产量为6 902 kg·hm^-2,较监测初期(1988—1993)提高145%,年均增长132 kg·hm^-2。常规施肥区玉米产量随时间显著升高,1988—1993年玉米平均产量为2 667 kg·hm^-2,2014—2018年玉米平均产量为8 267 kg·hm^-2,较监测初期(1988—1993年)提高210%,年均增...

Evolution of Fluvo-Aquic Soil Productivity Under Long-Term Fertilization and Its Influencing Factors

【Objective】The fluvo-aquic soil in North China is the main producing area of wheat and corn grain crops in China. The aim of the study was to clarify the changing laws of fluvo-aquic soil productivity and to identify the main factors affecting the productivity of fluvo-aquic soil, so as to provide a theoretical basis for crop yield increase and sustainable development in fluvo-aquic soil. 【Method】This study used the long-term monitoring points of national fluvo-aquic soil as the platform, and used time trend analysis and median analysis methods to summarize the trends of productivity and soil fertility factors in different monitoring periods. 【Result】The monitoring results of fluvo-aquic soil productivity in North China under conventional fertilization in the past 31 years showed: under the conventional fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil, wheat yield increased during the whole monitoring period, and the average wheat yield was 6 443 kg·hm ^-2. The average wheat yield from 1988 to 1993 was 2 814 kg·hm ^-2, and the average wheat yield in 2014-2018 was 6 902 kg·hm ^-2; compared with the initial monitoring period (1988-1993), the wheat yield in 2014-2018 increased by 145%, with an average annual growth of 132 kg·hm ^-2. The maize yield in conventional fertilization area increased significantly with time. The average yield of corn in 1988-1993 was 2 667 kg·hm ^-2, and the average yield of corn in 2014-2018 was 8 267 kg·hm ^-2, which was earlier than the initial monitoring period (1988-1993); which increased by 210%, with an average annual growth of 180 kg·hm ^-2. Corn yield and its yield increase were significantly higher than wheat. The average contribution rate of soil fertility to wheat and maize yield was 48% and 51%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of fertilizer applied and crop yield increase. As the number of years of fertilization increased, the sustainability of crops increased. The results of stepwise regression and path analysis indicated soil available phosphorus was a major factor affecting overall crop yield. The order of factors with a direct effect on wheat yield was organic matter, nitrogen application rate, and potassium application rate. The direct effect of maize yield was total nitrogen, available phosphorus, nitrogen application rate, and phosphorus application rate. 【Conclusion】 During the whole monitoring period, the fluvo-aquic soil productivity was significantly improved in the later stage of monitoring. The soil productivity was mainly affected by nitrogen fertilizer, organic matter and available phosphorus. Therefore, the improvement of productivity in fluvo-aquic soil areas required the improvement of soil fertility and the scientific application of fertilizer.