氮肥基追比对设施番茄产量及基质养分的影响

以番茄品种罗拉为试材,设置9个氮肥基肥与追肥比例(基追比)处理,研究氮肥基追比对番茄品质、产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,随结果期施氮量的降低,叶片净光合速率和产量均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,其中T3处理(氮肥基施、苗期追施、结果期追施比为15%、0、85%)叶片净光合速率和产量最高,分别为14.14μmol·m^-2·s^-1、11 008 kg·(667 m²)^-1,较对照(氮肥基施、苗期追施、结果期追施比为0、0、100%)分别提高17.15%、21.75%;番茄果实VC、番茄红素和可溶性糖含量也随结果期施氮量的降低呈先上升后下降的趋势。T3和T4处理糖酸比分别为8.76、8.14,口感较佳。T3处理的氮肥农学利用率和基质速效氮、磷、钾养分含量均较高。综上,合理的氮肥基追比可显著提高番茄叶片净光合速率,改善品质,提高产量及氮肥农学利用率,以T3处理效果最为显著。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dressing Ratio on Yield and Substrate Nutrients in Facilities Tomato

Taking tomato variety ‘Luola’ as material，this paper set up 9 nitrogen fertilizer dressing ratio treatments to study their effects on tomato quality，yield and nitrogen use efficiency．The results showed that along with the decrease of nitrogen application in fruiting period，the net photosynthetic rate and yield all showed the tendency of rising first follwed by decreasing．In T3 treatment，the dressing ratio among nitrogen fertilizer basal application，seedling stage dressing and fructescence application were15%，0 and 85%，respectively，the leaf net photosynthetic rate and fruit yield were the highest，14.14 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1 and 165 122 kg · hm^-2，respectively；which were increased by 17.15% and 21.75%，respectively than the CK．The contents of VC，lycopene and soluble sugar in tomato fruit all showed the tendency of first increasing then decreasing along with the decrease of nitrogen application in fruiting stage．The sugar-acid ratio under T3 and T4 treatments were 8.76 and 8.14，respectively，which could produce better taste．The agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and quick-acting nitrogen，phosphorus， potassium nutrient contents of matrix in T3 treatment were all higher．In conclution，rational nitrogen fertilizer dressing ratio could significantly enhance the leaf net photosynthetic rate，improve tomato quality，promote yield and agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer．T3 treatment had the best effect．