我国野生动物非法贸易协同治理问题分析

野生动物是地球上所有生命和自然生态体系的重要组成部分，其生存状况同人类可持续发展息息相关。当前无序的利用致使野生动物非法贸易已成为世界第3大犯罪，严重影响到生物多样性、生态系统服务功能、全球社会秩序和公共安全以及野生动物福利。国内外打击野生动物非法贸易已逐步形成了以更新野生动物保护理念、完善法律制度、建立执法网络等为主体的惩治体系，但仍然存在目标不一致、权责不明确、信息共享弱、社会参与度低等协同治理的内生困境。文中介绍野生动物非法贸易现状及其危害，梳理国内外野生动物非法贸易惩治举措，分析野生动物非法贸易协同治理面临的困境，基于协同治理理论提出了统一价值理念、完善法律法规、形成治理合力、鼓励社会参与和加强国际合作等建议。

Collaborative Governance of Illegal Wildlife Trade in China

Wildlife is an important component of the life and natural ecosystem on the earth, which is closely related to the sustainable development of human beings. However, the illegal wildlife trade has become the third largest crime owing to the unrational utilization, seriously affecting the biodiversity, ecosystem service function, global social order, public security and wildlife welfare. Fighting against the international and national illegal wildlife trade has contributed to the formation of a new punishment system characterized with the improved wildlife protection concept, the improved laws and regulations and the law enforcement network establishment. However, wildlife protection is still faced with an inherent dilemma of inconsistent goals in collaborative governance, ambiguity of rights and obligations, low share of information and low social participation. This paper introduces the current situation of the illegal wildlife trade and the harm produced, reviews the punishment measures for illegal wildlife trade at home and abroad, and analyze the dilemma which collaborative governance of illegal wildlife trade is confronted. Based on the theory of collaborative governance, the paper puts forward the suggestions that include the unification of values and ideas, the improvement of laws and regulations, formation of joint efforts in governance, encouraging social participation and strengthening international cooperation.