天津市家庭养殖环境中抗生素污染特征与风险评估

为了解我国农村地区家庭养殖环境中抗生素的污染特征,选取天津市蓟州区20户家庭养殖场为研究对象,采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱串联法,分析了4大类37种兽用抗生素在畜禽粪污中的污染特征及其对周边农田土壤的影响。结果表明,4大类抗生素在各种环境介质中均有检出,废水中检出率(0~80.0%)>粪便中检出率(0~74.4%)>土壤中检出率(0~35.0%),其中四环素类抗生素检出率高于其余3类抗生素。猪粪中抗生素总浓度的平均值(75.78 mg·kg^-1)分别为鸡粪(5.80 mg·kg^-1)和牛粪(0.26 mg·kg^-1)的13.1倍和291.4倍,猪场废水中抗生素总浓度的平均值(549.85μg·L^-1)是牛场废水总浓度平均值(5.27μg·L^-1)的104.3倍。此外,针对不同类型猪粪中抗生素残留的研究结果显示,肥猪粪(156.59 mg·kg^-1)>仔猪粪(49.38 mg·kg^-1)>母猪粪(23.97 mg·kg^-1)。对养殖场周边土壤研究表明,粪肥施用是土壤中抗生素污染的主要来源,且猪场周边土壤中抗生素污染倍数最高。研究表明,家庭养殖环境介质中抗生素污染非常普遍,其中四环素类抗生素在各环境介质中残留水平均为最高。抗生素的残留对环境产生了一定的生态风险,粪肥的还田利用可增加土壤中抗生素的生态风险,且废水中抗生素风险高于土壤中抗生素风险。

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of antibiotics in a family farm breeding environment in Tianjin

In this study,to understand the pollution characteristics of antibiotics in family farm breeding environments in rural areas of China,we selected 20 family farms in Jizhou District,Tianjin.The pollution characteristics of 37 types of veterinary antibiotics belonging to 4 classes of livestock and poultry waste,as well as their effects on the surrounding farmland soil,were analyzed by solid-phase extractionhigh performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry(SPE-HPLC-MS).The results showed that four types of antibiotics were detected in various environmental media and that the detection rates were in the order of wastewater(0~80.0%)>manure(0~74.4%)>soil(0~35.0%).The detection rates for tetracycline antibiotics were higher than those for others.The mean value of the total concentration of antibiotics in pig manure(75.78 mg·kg^-1)was 13.1 times and 291.4 times that of chicken manure(5.80 mg·kg^-1)and cattle manure(0.26 mg·kg^-1),respectively;the mean value of the total concentration of antibiotics in pig farm wastewater(549.85μg·L^-1)was 104.3 times that Nof the cattle farm wastewater(5.27μg·L^-1).Additionally,the antibiotic residues in different types of pig manure showed that the mean value of total concentration of antibiotics in fatting pig's manure(156.59 mg·kg^-1)>the mean value of total concentration of antibiotics in piglet manure(49.38 mg·kg^-1)>the mean value of total antibiotics concentration in sow manure(23.97 mg·kg^-1).Research on the farmland soil shows that manure application is the main source of antibiotic pollution in the soil;the antibiotic soil pollution in the pig farm was the highest.The results show that antibiotic pollution in the family farm breeding environments is very common and residual levels of tetracycline antibiotics in all environmental media are the highest.Antibiotic residues pose ecological risks to the environment,which can be increased by the application of manure.Moreover,the risk of antibiotics in wastewater is higher than that in soil.