集中连片特困区旅游扶贫效率及旅游经济强度空间特征分析——基于Super-SBM模型和社会网络分析法

旅游扶贫是脱贫攻坚的有效途径之一,旅游扶贫效率是衡量旅游扶贫工作的核心指标,旅游经济强度是促进旅游发展的重要因素,二者彼此关联性对于开展旅游扶贫工作具有重要指导意义。以湖北大别山区16个县（区）为研究对象,运用Super-SBM模型,测度2011至2017年各县（区）旅游扶贫效率,并通过修正传统引力模型,构建各县（区）旅游强度关系矩阵,基于社会网络分析法,对16个县（区）2017年旅游经济强度空间特征进行可视化分析。结果表明：湖北大别山区旅游扶贫综合效率处于中等偏上水平(均值0.776),整体呈现下降趋势;县（区）之间旅游联系强度较弱,具有明显的不均衡性,网络密度呈现“大分散,小聚集”的空间格局,核心区与边缘区之间连接密度较低,联系不够紧密,旅游经济联系地域空间格局分为东南,西北和中部三个主要派系。旅游扶贫效率与旅游经济强度呈现负相关性,边缘区旅游扶贫效率远比核心区旅游扶贫效率高,具体呈现高效率高强度、高效率低强度、低效率低强度、低效率高强度四种模式。提高旅游扶贫效率,优化旅游扶贫和旅游发展之间内生关系是当务之急,从改进旅游扶贫手段,优化扶贫管理模式;科学把握旅游规模,有效配置旅游资源;加强旅游经济联系,提升旅游扶贫效率等方面提出建议。

The analysis of the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency and the spatial characteristics of tourism economic intensity in contiguous destitute area by the Super-SBM model and the social network analysis method

Tourism poverty alleviation is one of the effective ways to alleviate poverty, and its efficiency is the core index to measure the work of tourism poverty alleviation. The tourism economic intensity is an important factor to promote tourism development. The interactions between the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation and the tourism intensity have strong guiding significance for tourism poverty alleviation. Taking 16 counties (districts) in the Dabie Mountains of Hubei Province as the research object, this paper applied the Super-SBM model to measure the efficiency of poverty alleviation in the counties (districts) from 2011 to 2017. By modifying the traditional gravity model, this paper also constructed a relationship matrix of tourism intensity in the counties (districts). In addition, applying the social network analysis method, this paper furtherly analyzed the spatial characteristics of the tourism economic intensity in the 16 counties (districts) in 2017. Results show that: the overall efficiency of poverty alleviation by tourism in the Dabie Mountains in Hubei is at a medium to high level (mean value of 0.776), showing a general downward trend. The intensities of tourism connections among all counties are weak with obvious imbalance. The network density presents a spatial pattern of "larger dispersion and smaller aggregation". The connection density between the core area and the edge area is relatively low and the connection is not close enough. The regional spatial pattern of tourism economic connection is divided into three main tracts: southeast, northwest and central. The efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in marginal areas is much higher than that in core areas. There is a negative correlation between the poverty alleviation efficiency and the tourism economic intensity. There are four types of tourism poverty alleviation: high efficiency with high intensity, high efficiency with low intensity, low efficiency with low intensity and low efficiency with high intensity. It is critical to improve the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation and to optimize its endogenous relationship with tourism development. This paper suggests improving the means of tourism poverty alleviation to optimize the management mode of poverty alleviation, scientifically grasping the scale of tourism to effectively allocate tourism resources, and strengthening tourism economic ties to improve the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation.