基于普通成员视角的农民合作社剩余侵蚀及成因分析

近年来,剩余侵蚀已成为农民合作社健康成长、规范发展的掣肘,探索剩余侵蚀现象并寻求农民合作社可持续发展之策,对提高农民收入、促进农业农村发展具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文基于收入分配理论和产权理论,利用甘肃省农民合作社实地调查数据,采用Logit回归模型,从普通成员视角分析了甘肃省农民合作社发展中出现的剩余侵蚀现象及其形成原因。结果表明,农民合作社发展中存在不同程度的剩余侵蚀现象,主要有：20.83%的普通成员表示没有得到二次盈余返还,30.63%普通成员表示从未行使表决权,还存在私自占有交易佣金、挪用盗用合作社资产和为他人担保等损害普通成员的利益的现象,比例分别为20.63%、18.96%和34.79%。普通成员与合作社的关系、是否入股和加入合作社的目的对剩余侵蚀有着显著影响,普通成员对合作社运营管理关注度不高、重视度不够、参与度不足,无法形成有效监督,导致合作社剩余被管理者侵蚀。因此,政策应加强引导完善分配制度,明晰内部产权归属,强化社会服务功能,以提高对合作社的认知水平,保障普通成员的利益。

The residual erosion of farmers cooperatives and its causes from the perspective of ordinary members

Recently, the residual erosion has become a constraint on the healthy growth and standardized development of farmer cooperatives. Exploring the phenomenon of residual erosion in order to find strategies for the sustainable development of farmers cooperatives has important theoretical and practical significance for increasing farmers income and promoting agricultural and rural development. Based on a field survey data of 480 ordinary members of farmers cooperatives in Gansu Province and applying the income distribution theory and the property right theory, this paper analyzed the causes of residual erosion of farmers cooperatives by the Logit regression model from the perspective of ordinary members. Results show that 20.83% of ordinary members of the cooperatives said that no surplus was returned, 30.63% of ordinary members said they never exercised their voting rights. And 20.63%, 18.96% and 34.79% of cooperative members reported phenomena of private possession of trading commissions, misappropriation assets of cooperatives, and guarantees for others, respectively, which damaged the interests of ordinary members. Farmers cooperatives generally had a different degree of residual erosion. The relationship between ordinary members and cooperatives, whether holding shares, and the purpose of joining cooperatives have significant impacts on the residual erosion of cooperatives. Ordinary members do not pay attention to or participate in the operation and management of cooperatives, and cannot form effective supervision, which leads to the residual erosion of cooperatives by managers. Therefore, the policies should guide the improvement of the distribution system, clarify the ownership of internal property rights, and strengthen social service functions to improve the awareness of cooperatives and to protect the interests of ordinary members.