节水是维持西北干旱区水资源与生态平衡的关键

在开发大西北中,我们面临水资源短缺的挑战,本文针对西北干旱区水资源特征、水资源利用对环境影响的分析,提出通过制定流域合理开发模式、加强水利管理、建立合理灌溉制度、按方收费、推广先进灌水技术、控制潜水临界深度、整治河道、取缔病库、培育耐旱作物等措施,减少水体蒸发和渗漏的部分损失,提高水的利用率,增加单位水体的效益,这是维持西北干旱区水资源与生态平衡的关键。

Water Saving is a Key of Safeguarding the Water Resources and Ecological Balance in the Arid Areas in Northwest China

We have been facing the challenge of water resources shortage in the development of arid land in Northwest China. The features of water resources and impact on ecological environment by water use in arid region are analysed in the paper. According to present situation, the fallowing mensures of water saving suchas drawing up models of rational development in basin scale, strengthening the management of water conservenly projects, sitting up sound irrigation systems, collecting water charge according to unit water used, spreading the advanced irrigation techniques, contralling the critical depth of gro-undwater table, reforming ill and unsafe reservoirs and breeding crops of drought-resistant varieties etc are recommended. These measures can reduce the water losses from water surface evaporation, groundwater evaporation and percalation, raise the efficency of water resources use and increase production effect per unit water used. This is a key of safeguarding water resources and ecological bulunce in arid region in Northwest China.