金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)是一种革兰氏阳性菌,约1/3人口携带,引起常见的严重疾病.这些疾病包括食物中毒、中毒性休克综合征和非感染性疾病,这是由金黄色葡萄球菌产生的外毒素引起.截止目前,在己发现的超过20种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素中,SEA和SEB是最具特色的,也被视为超抗原,由于它们能与MHCⅡ类分子结合,作用于抗原呈递细胞和刺激T细胞大群体共享可变区的T细胞受体β链.本文就肠毒素的致病性、致病机制及其检测方法进行了较为深入的阐述,期望能为临床治疗和食品监控提供一定的指导意义.当前,由于金黄色葡萄球菌多重耐药菌株的出现,因而对食品的危害变得越来越严重,必须尽量降低食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的含量,并防止其在食品之间的交叉污染.

Progress in Research on Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxins

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram positive bacterium that is carried by about one third of the generalpopulation and is responsible for common and serious diseases. These diseases include food poisoning and toxic shocksyndrome, which are caused by exotoxins produced by S. aureus. Among the more than 20 staphylococcal enterotoxins(SEs), SEA and SEB are the best characterized and are also regarded as superantigens because of their ability to bind to classII MHC molecules on antigen presenting cells and stimulate large populations of T cells that share variable regions on theβ chain of the T cell receptor. This article provides a detailed elaboration of the pathogenicity and underlying mechanismof SEs as well as the methods used to detect the exotoxins, which has a guiding significance for clinical treatment and foodsafety monitoring. Owing to the occurrence of multiple resistant strains of S. aureus, the health harm of S. aureus in foodhas become more and more serious, so we have to minimize the microbial load of this bacterium in food, and prevent crosscontamination in food.