冬季覆盖作物对南方稻田水稻生物学特性及产量性状的影响

采用田间小区试验方法,以冬闲-双季稻为对照,研究了我国南方双季稻区种植黑麦草、紫云英、油菜和马铃薯4种冬季覆盖作物对水稻生物学特性及产量经济性状的影响。结果表明：种植冬季覆盖作物均能促进水稻生长发育,改善水稻的产量构成因素 ,提高水稻产量。早稻的有效穗分别比对照增加45.68万/hm2、59.20万/hm2、11.68万/hm2和16.02万/hm2,每穗实粒数分别增加6.46粒/穗、9.75粒/穗、1.7粒/穗和4.04粒/穗,千粒重分别增加0.24 g、0.12 g、0.16 g和0.43 g,早稻产量分别增加409.70 kg/hm2、536.44 kg/hm2、97.97 kg/hm2和298.48 kg/hm2；晚稻的经济性状和产量变化趋势与早稻基本一致。

Effects of Different Winter Cover Plants on Biological Characteristics and Yield Traits of Rice in Southern China

Taking winter fallowing double cropping rice as contrast and adopting small area experimental method in fields, this paper studied the effects of different winter cover plants, such as ryegrass, milk vetch, rape and potato on rice biological characteristics and its yield economic traits in southern China double-cropping rice production areas. The results showed that planting winter cover crops can promote rice growth and development and increase rice yield. The number of effective tillers of early rice increased by 456 800/hm2, 592 000/hm2, 116 800/hm2 and 160 200/hm2, respectively; the spikelet number per panicle increased by 6.46, 9.75, 1.7 and 4.04 grain per panicle, respectively; the 1000-grain weight increased by 0.24 g, 0.12 g, 0.16 g and 0.43 g, respectively; the grain yields of early rice increased by 409.70 kg/hm2, 536.44 kg/hm2, 97.97 kg/hm2 and 298.48 kg/hm2, respectively. The economic characteristics and yield variation trend of late rice were similar to those of early rice.