基于HDXRF和ICP-MS的黔西北土壤重金属空间分布及影响因素研究

高精度X射线荧光光谱仪(HDXRF)是一种准确度较高的金属元素快速检测仪器。本研究将HDXRF法与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法进行对比研究，探究HDXRF法在土壤重金属调查评估中的适用性。选取威宁县黑石头镇某地为研究区，基于地理探测器，以土壤理化性质(p H、有机质、CEC、黏粒、粉粒、砂粒)和地形因素(高程、坡度、坡向) 9个因子为自变量，重金属(Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni)含量为因变量，分析两种检测方法下耕地土壤重金属空间分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明：6种重金属的HDXRF法与ICP-MS法检测值均服从正态分布，两种方法检测得到的土壤重金属在耕层和剖面的分布规律基本一致，从数据统计上看，仅HDXRF法Cu的值比ICP-MS法高约16%，其他元素无显著差异。HDXRF法与ICP-MS法所测相同重金属间均存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)，与各影响因子间相关性分析结果基本一致，Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni与土壤理化性质，Cr与土壤理化性质、高程和坡向，Cu与CEC和高程间均存在极显著相关关系(P<0.01)。地理探测器交互探测结果显示，影响因子间交互作用均显...

Spatial Distribution of Soil Heavy Metal Contents and Influencing Factors in Northwest of Guizhou Based on HDXRF and ICP-MS

Summary: Identifying the factors that influence the heavy metal contents of soil could reveal the sources of soil heavy metal pollution, which can lead to pollution mitigation opportunities. In this study, a comparative study was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and High-definition X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (HDXRF) to explore the applicability of HDXRF to the assessment of heavy metals pollution in soils. Heishitou Town in Weining County was selected as the study area. In order to explore the spatial distribution and influencing factors of soil heavy metals under the two detection methods, soil topographic factors and soil physical and chemical properties were used as the independent variables, while heavy metal content was used as the dependent variables. The results showed that the HDXRF and ICP-MS values of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu and Ni followed normal distribution. The detection value of Cu in HDXRF soil was about 16 % higher than that of ICP-MS, and there was no significant difference in other elements. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the same heavy metals measured by ICP-MS and HDXRF, The range was between 0.702 to 0.940 (p<0.01). The results of correlation analysis between the values measured by ICP-MS and HDXRF and the influencing factors were the same. Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni were significantly correlated with soil physical and chemical properties, and Cr were significantly correlated with soil physical, chemical properties, slope aspect and elevation, and Cu were significantly correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and elevation (p < 0.01). The interactive detection results of geographical detector show that the interaction of influence factors shows enhancement effect. The interaction between pH, organic matter, CEC and other factors was the dominant factor for the spatial differentiation of Cd, Pb and Zn in soils. Spatial Differentiation of Soil Cr, Cu and Ni is the Result of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Terrain, Interaction value between 0.200 to 0.700. In summary, the accuracy and precision of HDXRF soil heavy metal detection values are good, and the spatial distribution of soil heavy metals was greatly influenced by the interaction of topography and soil physical and chemical properties. HDXRF could be used for rapid detection and assessment of heavy metals in soil, we could establish a variable model related to soil pH, organic matter and topographic factors for correct systematically with the results detected by ICP-MS.