肯尼亚玉米生产现状与产量限制因子分析

玉米作为肯尼亚的主要粮食作物,其种植和生产对于减少饥饿、保障国家粮食安全具有非常重要的意义。本文从玉米的种植、分布、多年(1961—2014年)产量变化等方面对肯尼亚玉米的生产和现状进行了介绍,结合当地的自然环境因素和农业生产管理水平,分析了肯尼亚玉米生产的限制因素,指出水、肥、种子质量是玉米产量提高的主要限制因子。通过对田间不同施肥处理玉米产量与水、肥投入的分析,提出采用集水-排灌技术,对玉米季降水进行调控和再分配;增加化肥投入量,尤其是增加磷肥施用,保证玉米生长所需;秸秆还田改善土壤结构等技术,最终实现玉米增产的目标。为在肯尼亚推广不同水、肥管理和耕作技术,开展玉米旱作高产种植提供理论支撑。

Maize production status and yield limiting factors of Kenya

Maize as the main food crop in Kenya, is very important for reducing hunger and ensuring the country''s food security. This paper introduced the present situation of maize production from cultivation, planting distribution and change of maize yields from 1961 to 2014. According to the natural planting environments and the local agricultural technique, the limiting factors of maize production were analyzed. Water limitation, fertilizer shortage and poor quality of maize seeds were the main factors limited the yield increasing of maize. Base on the analysis results of the relationship of maize yields with water and fertilizer inputs, this paper gave some advices for increasing maize yield in Kenya. First, the drainage and rain-harvesting technology cooperated with irrigation technique should be implemented to regulate and redistribute precipitation in maize growing season. The second was increasing fertilizer application amount, especially the use of phosphate fertilizer, to ensure the health growth of maize. The third was straw returning technology to improve soil structure. This study provided a reference for rain water utilization, fertilization and tillage techniques to get high yield in the rainfed maize planting area of Kenya.