鳞毛蕨科8种蕨类植物叶表皮特征的比较形态学研究

利用光学显微镜对鳞毛蕨科6种鳞毛蕨属植物和2种耳蕨属植物叶表皮特征进行比较观察和分析.结果表明:8种蕨类植物的叶片表面无附属物;气孔器类型具多型现象,鳞毛蕨属植物气孔器类型主要为不等细胞型和极细胞型,耳蕨属植物气孔器类型多为无规则四细胞型;气孔均为下生型,不下陷,多沿叶脉方向排列,且叶脉间分布较密集;鳞毛蕨属植物气孔器较耳蕨属狭长,表皮细胞为不规则型,垂周壁呈波状或不规则凹凸状,而耳蕨属植物表皮细胞狭长,垂周壁为浅波状;6种鳞毛蕨气孔器指数总体上较耳蕨属大,而气孔器密度差异不大.由此得出结论,表皮的整体特征可以作为划分鳞毛蕨科植物的特征;可据细胞大小、气孔器大小与气孔器指数来区别鳞毛蕨属和耳蕨属植物,为鳞毛蕨属植物的分类鉴定提供了新的形态学依据.

Comparative morphology on foliar surface characters of eight species of ferns in Dryteridaceae

An observation,comparison and analysis on leaf epidermis characters of 6 species of genara Dryopteris and 2 species of genara Polystichum were studied with optical microscope.The results showed that there was no trichome on both upper and lower epidermis of leaves;the stomatal apparatus were polymorphic,genara Dryopteris were mostly polycytictype and aisocytictype,while genara Polystichum were mostly anomotetracytictype;all the stomatal apparatuses occur in the lower epidermis,no cave,multi-alignment along the veins of leaf and intensive distribution between veins;the stomatas of genara Dryopteris were narrower and longer than genara Polystichum,their epidermal cells were irregular,anticlinal walls were wavy or irregularly uneven while epidermal cells of genara Polystichum were narrower than ganara Dryopteris and anticlinal walls weree little wavy;on the whole,the stomatal indexes of 6 species of genara Dryopteris were bigger than 2 species of genara Polystichum,while the stomatal density had no difference.The 8 species of Dryteridaceae were different in the size of cell of leaf epidermis,and the size of stomatal.It was suggested that we could distinguish two genaras by the size of cell,stomatal,and stomatal index,and the results provide new evidences for mophological classification and identification for Dryteridaceae.