小麦近缘染色体异附加系的磷效率及其机理研究

磷素缺乏是限制小麦高产的重要原因,而小麦近缘野生种往往表现出更好的耐低磷胁迫特性。本研究以通过盆栽实验初步筛选出来的9个磷高效的外缘染色体异附加系小麦为供试材料,以它们的亲本中国春(CS)为对照,在水培条件下对异附加系小麦在苗期的磷效率(包括磷吸收和磷利用效率)以及与磷效率有关的生理机制进行了研究。结果表明:(1)有6个外缘染色体异附加系材料(0226、0232、0244、0278、0282、0291)在水培条件下表现出了高磷效率;(2)在这6份磷高效的外缘染色体异附加系材料中有两份材料(0226和0232)在低磷条件下酸性磷酸酶的活性以及草酸和琥珀酸的分泌量都显著高于其亲本CS,而且在低磷条件下这两份材料的Cmin显著低于CS,说明这两份材料中添加的外缘染色体中包含与磷高效有关的基因,因此这两份外缘染色体异附加系可作为小麦育种材料,进而选育出高产的磷高效小麦品种。

Study on Phosphorus Efficiency and Relative Physiological Mechanism of Wheat Alien Chromosome Addition Lines

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major yield limiting constraint in wheat production, and the ability of wheat to adapt to low P soil is inferior to some wild grass species. Nine wheat alien chromosome addition lines were grown in normal phosphorus (High P) and phosphorus deficiency (Low P) solution to investigate the phosphorus efficiency and the underling mechanism. The results confirmed that 6 addition lines (0226, 0232, 0244, 0278, 0282 and 0291) had higher P efficiency than CS; the activity of acid phosphatase, the exudation of oxalic acid and succinic acid of the two wheat addition lines (0226 and 0232) were higher than CS under P deficiency, and their C_min were lower than CS under P deficiency. It indicated that the two wheat addition lines had high P efficiency genes and could be used for breeding high P efficiency wheat cultivars through hybridization.