中国粮食产量八连增的原因、问题及发展对策

为了探索我国粮食总产与单产增加的原因及其影响因素,应用统计数据,对我国粮食单产的增加规律和原理及其技术的性质作用进行了研究分析。结果表明,我国粮食单产呈阶梯式阶段性增加规律,而粮食单产的阶梯式增加是施肥量阶段增加推动下作物品种更新的结果,而阶段施肥量的增加是农民在直接与间接接受施肥知识基础上自己摸索的结果,我国现行推广的施肥技术并不能确定阶段施肥量。作物品种更新实际就是作物品种最高产量施肥量的不断提高,只要作物品种的耐肥水平不断提高,粮食生产中的施肥量就不会达到极限。然而,虽然我国粮食单产和总产一直在增加,但近年来单位肥料的粮食增加量却在急剧下降,多数作物生产中的产量水平远低于示范产量,主要原因是现行高水肥地选育品种不适应中低产田栽培。因此,依靠新的施肥技术在不同土壤肥力水平上进行平衡育种,应成为我国实现持续增产的主攻方向。

Reason, Problem and Growth Measures for Food Crop Successive 8-year Increase in China

To approach reasons and influencing factors for increase of food crops’ total output and unit yield in China,analysis was made for reason and the nature of technology role for unit yield increase.The results showed that,it was a gradient interim increasing for food crops’ unit yield,a consequence of crop varieties renew brought about by periodic increase in rate of fertilizer application;And the periodic increase in rate of fertilizer application was a self-explore result of farmers based on their direct and indirect fertilization knowledge education.But the present practiced fertilization technology could not define the stage fertilization rate.In fact,renew of crops’ variety was continued increase of crops’ fertilization rates.As long as the fertilizer torlerance increased continuously,the fertilization rate would not reach the limit.Though the total output and unit yield all grew year to year,the unit fertilizer food crop increase decreased sharply and most crop had far low yield in production than in demonstration fields in recent years.Hence,it is highly necessary to carry out balanced breeding using new fertilization technology for various fertilities soil should be an important task to realize sustainable food growth in China.