武夷山国家级自然保护区森林土壤涵水量估测及空间分析

以福建省武夷山国家级自然保护区为研究对象，以2003年24块固定样地数据、2003年生态定位站气候观测数据、2003年10月5日LandsatTM遥感数据为主要信息源，采用INVEST模型，对区域内的森林土壤涵水量进行估测和空间分析。结果表明：2003年研究区森林土壤平均涵养水源深度为204．135mm，土壤涵养水源总量为10518．72万m3；2003年森林土壤涵水深度呈空间聚集型分布，随着海拔的降低、人为干扰活动的增强，核心区、缓冲区、实验区森林土壤涵水深度的空间聚集性减弱、破碎化趋势增强；森林土壤涵水深度较高的林分位于海拔较高、坡度较陡、土壤湿度较大、植被生长状况较差的立地；森林土壤涵水深度在空间分布上呈现出从东北向西南倾斜的带状分布趋势；森林土壤涵水深度与海拔、坡度、土壤湿度指数的平均相关系数分别为0．2065、0．6295、0．3570，表明森林土壤涵水深度与3个因变量呈正相关关系。

Water Conservation Assessment and Spatial Analysis of Forest Soil in Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve

Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province was chosen as the case study area, the quantity of forest soil water conservation in the study area was estimated and its spatial distribution was analyzed by means of INVEST model based on the field survey data from 24 permanent sampling plots in 2003, the climate ob- servation data of the oriented ecosystem research station in 2003 and the Landsat TM remote sensing data collected on October 5, 2003. The study showed that the average depth of forest soil water conservation in 2003 was 204. 135 mm, and the total amount of water conserved by the forest soil was 105. 187 2 million cubic meters in 2003. The depth of forest soil water conservation in the nature reserve in 2003 was spatially aggregatively distributed, but the spatial distribution of the forest soil water conservation depth in the core zone, buffer zone and experimental zone in the reserve became less aggregative but more fragmented along with the decrease of elevation and increase of human disturbance. The forest stands with deeper soil water conservation were usually located at sites with higher elevation, steeper slope, higher soil moisture and poorer vegetation growth condition. The spatial distribution of the depth of forest water conservation showed a sloping stripe trend from northeast to southwest. The average values of correlationcoefficients between the depth of forest soil water conservation and elevation, gradient, soil moisture was O. 206 5, O. 629 5 and O. 357 O, respectively, indicating that the depth of forest soil water conservation was positively correla- ted with the three dependent variables.