基于尺度变换的碧塔海自然保护区景观格局分析

为更加深入地了解碧塔海自然保护区的景观格局特点及其尺度效应，制定更有效的生物多样性保护对策，为更好地进行生物多样性保护提供参考。基于2006年森林资源二类调查的小班空间属性数据，利用ArcGIS作为空间分析工具，借助地统计半变异函数理论，对4个尺度下香格里拉碧塔海自然保护区的景观多样性与斑块密度的空间变异进行分析。结果表明：在400、800、1200、1600 m 4个尺度下，景观多样性指数SHDI的块金值与基台值之比C0/（C＋C0）值为0.48287～0.78522，且随着尺度的增加不断减小。斑块密度的块金值与基台值之比C0/（C＋C0）由0.76592减小到0.65408，块金值C0随着尺度的增加而增大，当尺度为1600 m时，块金值C0骤降，不符合半变异函数的规律；1200 m为研究区景观格局研究的最优尺度，在该尺度下碧塔海自然保护区景观多样性指数呈环形分布，由最高值所在的保护区西部区域向边缘逐级递减；斑块密度最高值分布在保护区中部偏北地区，并以该区域为中心，向区域边缘逐级递减；整个研究区SHDI与PD分布较均匀，不存在两极化。

Study on Space Differentiation Based Landscape Pattern Diversity at Bitahai Nature Reserve

In order to formulate effective countermeasures for biodiversity conservation and provide biodiversity conservation with better theoretical reference,the characteristics of landscape pattern and its scale effect of Bitahai Nature Reserve were studied.Based on the spatial attribute database of sub-compartment from class II forest re-source survey in Shangri-la County,Yunan Province in 2006,the spatial variation in landscape diversity and patch density of Bitahai Nature Reserve was analyzed at 4 different scales with the help of ArcGIS analysis and the semi-variation functions in geostatistics.The results showed that as the scale changed from 400 m to 800 m,1 200 m and 1 600 m,the value of C0/（C＋C0）for landscape diversity index SHDI changed from 0.482 87 to 0.785 22,and the ratio value decreased along with the increase of the scale.The ratio value of C0/（C＋C0 ）for patch density in-dex decreased from 0.765 92 to 0.765 92,the C0 value increased as the scale increased.When the scale was 1 600 m,the C0 value dropped suddenly,whose change was not in conformity with the law of semi-variable func-tion. 1 200 m was the optimal scale for the specific study,under which the SHDI of the nature reserve was distrib-uted in a circular form,whose maximum value of C0 dropped gradually from the west part of the nature reserve to the peripheral zones.The maximum value of patch density appeared in the northern area of the reserve center, which was also decreased gradually from the central part of the nature reserve to the peripheral areas.The distribu-tion of SHDI and PD values was comparatively even,and not polarized.