1951—2012年太原市气候变化基本特征研究

根据1951—2012年太原市地面气象观测站的气候系列数据划分年代及四季,并对太原市平均气温、降水、日照时数、相对湿度、风速等气候特征进行了分析。结果表明,太原市多年平均气温为(9.9±2.1)℃,距平值在-2.1¹.8℃之间,以0.39℃/10 a的速率增加,冬季增温幅度最大,夏季增温幅度最小;多年平均降水量为442.2 mm,距平值在-226.11.8℃之间,以0.39℃/10 a的速率增加,冬季增温幅度最大,夏季增温幅度最小;多年平均降水量为442.2 mm,距平值在-226.1³06.9 mm之间,以7.24 mm/10 a的速率减少,20世纪50年代降水日数最多,90年代降水日数最少;多年平均日照时数为2 542.4 h,距平值在-407.0306.9 mm之间,以7.24 mm/10 a的速率减少,20世纪50年代降水日数最多,90年代降水日数最少;多年平均日照时数为2 542.4 h,距平值在-407.0⁴48.9 h之间,以72.93 h/10 a的速率减少,日照百分率冬季下降幅度最大,春季下降幅度最小;多年平均相对湿度为58.9%,以0.88%/10 a的速率减少,春季相对湿度降幅最大,秋季降幅最小;多年平均风速为2.1 m/s,以0.13 m(/s·10 a)的速率减少,1951—1979年的平均风速均高于多年平均值,而1980-2012年的平均风速均低于多年平均值。

Characterization of General Climate Change Patterns from 19SI to 2012 in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province

Based on the series climate data of Ground Meteorological Station in Taiyuan city from 1951 to 2012, on both year and season scales, we analysed the characteristics of the average temperatures, precipitations~ sunshine duration, relative humidity and variation of wind speed in Taiyuan. The results showed that the average temperature in Taiyuan city was （9.9 ＋ 2.1 ）℃, anomaly value was between -2.1 ℃ and 1.8 ℃, increased by the rate of 0.39 ℃/10 a. There was the biggest increase of temperature in winter and the smallest in summer. The average precipitation was 442.2 mm, anomaly value was between -226.1 mm and 306.9 mm, decreased by the rate of 7.24 mm/10 a. There was the most precipitation days in the 1950s and the least in 1990s. The average sunshine duration was 2 542.4 h, anomaly value was between -407.0 h and 448.9 h, decreased by the rate of 72.93 h/10 a. There was the biggest drop of percentage of sunshine in winter and the smallest in spring. The average relative humidity was 58.9%, decreased by the rate of 0.88/10 a. There was the biggest drop of relative humidity in spring and the smallest in fall. The average wind speed was 2.1 m/s, decreased by the rate of 0.13 m/ （s· 10 a）. From 1951 to 1979, the average wind speed was higher than the average, while from 1980 to 2012, the average wind speed was lower than the average.