1990-1993年我国小麦叶锈菌生理小种及其致病性特点研究

1990—1993年共鉴定了来自全国18个省(区)的496份叶锈菌标样。根据在全国统一的8个鉴别寄主上的反应,划分为16个生理小种和10个未定型,其中叶中4号为优势小种,出现频率为60.5％,是目前小麦抗叶锈病育种的主要对象。其次是叶中34号、叶中3号、叶中44号、叶中19号、未定Ⅲ型和叶中5号,其出现频率分别为9.5％、7.7％、5.2％、2.4％、2.0％和1.4％。小种致病性特点分析结果表明:①不同小种对我国主要麦区大面积种植的生产品种和重要抗源的毒性各不相同,以叶中4号毒力最强,毒谱最宽;②同一小种不同菌株(系)的毒性既有共性,也具异质性,但共性是主要的;③抗性基因在不同的遗传背景中反应不尽相同。作者还对锈菌生理专化研究方法进行了讨论。

PHYSIOLOGIC RACE AND PATHOGENICITY OF PUCCINIA RECONDITA F. SP. TRITICI IN CHINA DURING 1990-1993

Four hundred ninety six isolates of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici from 18 provinces or autonomous regions in China were identified during 1990 -1993. By means of analysing the reaction on the eight unified differentials hosts, these isolates were categorized into 16 races and 10 undefined types. The prevalent race and their pathogenici-ty dynamics to 46 important cultivars and sources of resistance in China were studied. The methods on physiologic specialization of wheat leaf rust were also discussed in this paper.