基于基尼系数的吉林省水资源空间匹配分析

水资源的空间分布特征决定一个地区的产业布局和发展方向,定量分析水资源的空间匹配特征可为合理安排工农业生产布局、提高生产力提供科学指导。根据吉林省资源、环境和经济地域差异及自然状况,将全省划分为4个生态经济区,各生态经济区内水资源、耕地、人口数量和工农业产值存在较大差异。通过构建区域基尼曲线和计算区域基尼系数,对吉林省水土资源、水资源与人口、水资源与农业产值、水资源与工业产值的匹配状况做出客观评价。结果表明,吉林省水土资源匹配的区域基尼系数为G1=0.610 6,水土资源匹配状况不及我国(省际间)和世界(国际间)平均水平;水资源与人口数量匹配的区域基尼系数为G2=0.503 2,水资源与农业产值匹配的区域基尼系数为G3=0.573 6,水资源与工业产值匹配的区域基尼系数为G4=0.632 0。吉林省水资源与耕地、人口、农业和工业等各要素的空间匹配程度整体较差,这与吉林省生态经济区划的内容相符,建议调整产业布局。

Spatial Matching Analysis of the Water Resources in Jilin Province Based on Gini Coefficient

The spatial distribution characteristics of water resource determine the industrial and agricultural layout and development direction of one region,and the quantitative analysis on the spatial matching characteristics of water resources can provide scientific guidance for reasonable layout of industry and agriculture,and improve the productivity.According to the regional differences in resources,environment,economy and natural conditions,the Jilin Province is divided into four eco-economic zones.In the four zones,the water resource,cultivated land,population and the output of industry and agriculture are greatly different.Through the construction of regional Gini curve and Gini coefficient,we can make objective evaluation of the matching conditions of water and land resources,water resource and population,water resource and agricultural output,water resource and industrial output in Jilin Province.The results show that,the matching condition of water and land resources in Jilin Province can be described by Gini coefficient as G1=0.610 6,the matching condition of water and land resources is less than China(provincial) and world(international) average;matching condition of water resource and population is described as G2=0.503 2,and that of water resource and agricultural production is described as G3=0.573 6,that of water resource and industrial output is described as G4=0.632 0.The spatial matching degrees of water resource and land,population,agriculture and industry output are poorer,which conforms to Jilin Province’s ecological economic regionalization.A suggestion is proposed to adjust industrial and agricultural layout.