湘潭锰矿矿渣废弃地植被修复盆栽试验

通过分析湘潭锰矿矿渣废弃地土壤理化性质和重金属元素含量,采用矿渣废弃地土壤进行盆栽试验.结果表明:湘潭锰矿矿渣废弃地土壤质地为粗砂土类,土壤自然含水量与邻近非矿区杉木林对照地的差异显著,而土壤容重和土壤总孔隙度与邻近非矿区杉木林对照地的差异均不显著;矿渣废弃地土壤的pH值平均为7.49,P和Ca的平均含量分别为1.01、4.41 g/kg,都显著高于邻近非矿区杉木林对照地,而N含量显著低于邻近非矿区杉木林对照地,土壤有机质、K和Mg含量与邻近非矿区杉木林对照地差异不显著;矿渣废弃地土壤中的Mn、Cu、Cd、Ni、Zn、Pb平均含量分别是邻近非矿区杉木林对照地的18.59、1.32、4.10、4.66、4.44和3.16倍;与湖南省土壤重金属元素背景值、全国土壤重金属元素平均值相比较,湘潭锰矿矿渣废弃地土壤重金属元素Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni的含量都明显偏高,特别是Cd含量,分别高出104.24倍和135.40倍;栾树对矿渣废弃地土壤基质适应性强,生势旺盛,是矿渣废弃地生态恢复的首选植物,千头柏可作为矿渣废弃地生态恢复的次选植物,棕榈可适当发展,洒金柏不能作为矿渣废弃地生态恢复的植物.

Analysis of Potted Plant Test of Plant Restoration in the Slag Wasteland in Xiangtan Manganese Mine

By analyzing the physical and chemical properties of soil and the contents of heavy metal elements,and by using the slag wasteland soil in Xiangtan Manganese Mine,a potted plant test was conducted.The results show as follows.The soil texture of the wasteland is mainly coarse sandy;soil water content is significantly lower in the wasteland(17.8%) than in the Chinese fir forestland(23.4%);but no significant difference has been found in soil volume weight and total capillary between the wasteland(1.45 g/cm3 and 45.24%,respectively) and the control(1.42 g/cm3 and 42.34%,respectively).The mean soil pH value in the wasteland(7.49) is significantly higher than that in the control(5.45),and the average content of P and Ca in the wasteland is 1.01 g/kg and 4.41 g/kg respectively,which are distinctly higher than those in the Chinese fir forestland(0.43 g/kg and 0.66 g/kg,respectively).In contrast,the average content of N is obviously lower in the wasteland(1.37 g/kg) than that in the control(2.28 g/kg).The difference in terms of mean content of K and Mg and soil organic matter content between the two land categories does not show significantly.The mean contents of Mn(7 990.21 mg/kg),Cu(66.38 mg/kg),Cd(13.15 mg/kg),Ni(91.33 mg/kg),Zn(640.32 mg/kg),and Pb(401.15 mg/kg) in the slag wasteland are respectively 18.59,1.32,4.10,4.66,4.44,and 3.16 times of those in the Chinese fir forestland.Comparing the mean value of the six heavy metal elements(Mn,Cu,Pb,Ni,Cd,and Zn) in the control to the national and Hunan Province's level,the contents of these elements in the slag wasteland in Xiangtan Manganese Mine are obviously higher,especially for Cd,which are 104.24 and 135.40 times of those in the control,respectively.It has been proved by the test that Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm is the preferred plant for ecology restoration in the slag wasteland,which grows and adapts itself strongly in the slag wasteland;that Platycladusorientalis(L.) may be the next one and Trachycarpus fortunei can properly grow;but that Sabina chinensis(L.) cannot be the restoration plant in the slag wasteland.