小麦茎基腐病抗性鉴定方法研究进展

小麦茎基腐病是由镰刀菌属多种真菌引起的一种世界性重要病害，严重影响小麦品质与产量。近些年来，该病害频繁发生，对粮食可持续生产和人畜生命健康构成了严重威胁。目前小麦茎基腐病抗性鉴定的接种方法及评价体系比较混乱，严重制约其抗性遗传育种与抗病机理研究的快速发展。本文从苗期与成株期抗性鉴定两个方面，对该病害抗性鉴定常用的接种方法、培养条件及抗性评价体系进行综述。在此基础上，指出苗期抗性鉴定宜采用孢子液浸泡法和天然培养基接种法，以茎基腐病症状分级为指标进行抗性评价；成株期抗性鉴定宜采用天然培养基接种法，以病蘖率结合茎秆症状严重程度作为评价指标比较合适。最后，为建立高效统一的茎基腐病抗性鉴定方法，提出了增强苗期抗性鉴定标准化、注重成株期抗性鉴定研究的建议，以期为小麦茎基腐病抗性的准确鉴定提供有益信息。

Advances in Identification Methods of Wheat Crown Rot

Crown rot is an important disease caused by numerous species in Fusarium,which seriously impacts the quality and yield of wheat. In recent years, the disease was occurred frequently, posing a serious threat to sustainable food production and human and animal health. At present,the inoculation method and evaluation system of crown rot identification in wheat is uncertain,which seriously restricts the rapid development of resistance breeding and mechanism research on this disease. In this paper,the inoculation methods,growth conditions and resistance evaluation system of crown rot identification were reviewed from two aspects of seedling resistance and adult resistance. On this basis,it is pointed out that seedling dip in spore suspension and natural inoculation method was suitable for resistance identification at seedling,using crown rot score to evaluate resistance. For adult resistance,natural inoculation method is more appropriate,using percent diseased tillers and stem symptom severity as evaluation indices for resistance identification. Finally,aiming at the problem of establishing an efficient and unified identification method of crown rot,some suggestions on enhancing the standardization of seedling resistance identification and strengthening the identification of adult resistance were put forward,which provide useful information for accurate resistance identification of crown rot in wheat.