施氮量对强筋小麦物质积累与籽粒产量的影响

为探究冀东地区强筋小麦适宜施氮量，选用2个强筋小麦品种津农7号(氮高效型)和中麦998(氮低效型)为试验材料，设置0 kg·hm^-2(N₀)、180 kg·hm^-2(N₁)、210 kg·hm^-2(N₂)和240 kg·hm^-2(N₃)4个施氮量处理，研究施氮量对强筋小麦籽粒产量和干物质与氮素积累转运的影响。结果表明，在N₀～N₂处理范围内，2个强筋小麦品种的籽粒产量、花前干物质转运量和氮素转运量随施肥量增加均显著增加，N₃处理下2品种的籽粒产量和花前氮素转运量较N₂处理无显著变化，说明适量施氮可促进强筋小麦氮素转运与籽粒产量的提高。增加施氮量可促进花前干物质向籽粒的转运，津农7号的干物质转运率高于中麦998,2个品种的花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率为60.59%～77.16%,说明小麦籽粒产量主要来源于花后干物质积累。2个品种开花...

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Matter Accumulation and Grain Yield of Strong Gluten Wheat

In order to explore the suitable nitrogen(N) application rate of strong gluten wheat in Eastern Hebei Plain, two strong gluten wheat varieties, Jinnong 7 (N efficient type) and Zhongmai 998 (N inefficient type), were selected as experimental materials. Four N application rates of 0 (N₀), 180 kg·hm^-2(N₁), 210 kg·hm^-2 (N₂) and 240 kg·hm^-2 (N₃) were set up to investigate the effects of N application rate on grain yield, dry matter and N accumulation and transport of strong gluten wheat. The results showed that the grain yield, pre-anthesis dry matter transport and N translocation of the two strong gluten wheat varieties increased significantly with the increase of fertilizer application rate in the range of N₀-N₂ treatment. When N fertilizer reached N₃ level, the grain yield and pre-anthesis N translocation of the two varieties did not change significantly compared with N₂ treatment, indicating that appropriate N input promote N transport and grain yield of strong gluten wheat. Meanwhile, increased N application rate promote the translocation of dry matter before anthesis to grain. The average dry matter transport rate of high-efficiency Jinnong 7 was higher than that of low-efficiency variet. The average contribution rate of dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grain yield of the two varieties was 60.59%-77.16%, indicating that wheat grain yield was mostly derived from dry matter accumulation after anthesis. At the same time, the N accumulation in vegetative organs at anthesis and maturity and the N accumulation in grains at maturity increased with the increased N rate. The interaction of variety and N level had significant effects on N harvest index, N utilization efficiency and apparent N use efficiency of strong gluten wheat. Post-anthesis N accumulation, N harvest index and N use efficiency were significantly correlated with grain yield of strong gluten wheat, and pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation of high-efficiency variet was significantly correlated with grain yield. In summary, increasing N fertilizer can increase grain yield by increasing the panicles of strong gluten wheat, and 210 kg·hm^-2 is the appropriate N application rate for strong gluten wheat plant in Eastern Hebei Plain under the conditions.