马铃薯产量品质与氮磷钾吸收利用的关系

【目的】分析马铃薯品种(系)产量和品质在不同栽培条件下与养分吸收及利用的关系，为马铃薯科学施肥提供理论基础。【方法】在宁夏固原和甘肃定西开展马铃薯品种(系)田间试验，宁夏收集了76份品种(系)，甘肃收集了83份，马铃薯试验均采用当地水肥管理技术。成熟期测定产量及产量构成因素，取样分析马铃薯品质和氮磷钾养分含量，以及土壤有机质和速效养分含量。【结果】两地马铃薯块茎产量差异不显著。将马铃薯产量分为<30 t/hm² (低)、30～45 t/hm² (中)和>45 t/hm² (高) 3个等级，宁夏种植的76个品种(系)中低产、中产、高产的占比分别为27.6%、34.2%、38.2%，甘肃种植的83个品种(系)中的占比分别为15.7%、49.4%、34.9%。随着不同马铃薯品种(系)产量的不断增加，干物质和淀粉含量呈现增加趋势，而蛋白质含量则呈现降低趋势。无论产量水平高低，每生产1 t马铃薯块茎需吸收N 2.9 kg、P 0.5 kg、K 4.0 kg。产量与氮磷钾养分吸收量呈显著正相关，维生素C和蛋白质含量与氮磷...

Relationships of yield and quality of potatoes with nutrient uptake and utilization

  【Objectives】  We studied the effect of nutrient absorption and utilization on yield and quality of potatoes under different cultivation technology in potato production.  【Methods】  We collected 76 varieties (lines) of potato in Ningxia and 83 varieties (lines) in Gansu. Potato field trials were conducted in Guyuan City of Ningxia, and Dingxi City of Gansu with the collected potato cultivar (lines). The irrigation and fertilization in Ningxia were done by conventional method, while those of Gansu was done by drip fertigation system. At harvest, potato tuber yield and yield components were measured, potato quality and N, P and K content, soil organic matter and available nutrients were measured.  【Results】  There was no significant difference in potato tuber yield between the two provinces. The potato yield was divided into three grades: <30 t/hm2 (low), 30?45 t/hm2 (medium), and >45 t/hm2 (high). Among the 76 varieties (lines) planted in Ningxia, 27.6%, 34.2% and 38.2% were the low, medium, and high yield values, respectively. Among the 83 varieties (lines) planted in Gansu, 15.7%, 49.4% and 34.9% were the low, medium, and high yield values, respectively. With the increasing yield of different potato varieties (lines), dry matter and starch contents showed an increasing trend, while protein content showed a decreasing trend. No matter the yield level and cultivars (lines), production of 1000 kg potato tuber yield requires N 2.9 kg, P 0.5 kg and K 4.0 kg. Yield, vitamin C and protein contents were positively correlated with N, P and K uptake, while starch and dry matter contents negatively correlated with N, P and K concentration.  【Conclusions】  Higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption could guarantee higher tuber yield and starch yield, and higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content could significantly improve the contents of vitamin C and protein in tuber. Therefore, nutrient should be managed in potato production according to nutrient uptake and utilization level.