弥雾微喷对葡萄光合特性、产量及品质的影响

为研究滴灌+冠层弥雾微喷(降温增湿措施)模式对葡萄光合特性,生理指标及产量品质的影响,试验设定微喷处理(WP1,WP2与WP3)与对照处理(CK)4个处理,在果粒膨大期测定不同处理的光合特性,果粒体积,产量与品质等数据结果显示:微喷处理胞间CO₂浓度日变化幅度均低于对照处理,微喷处理中WP1处理的胞间CO₂浓度最低;各处理的净光合速率均呈现“M”变化规律,在14:00出现“午休”现象,但微喷处理比对照处理“午休”时长较短,且WP1处理在14:00净光合速率降低幅度较小,各处理果粒体积与增长速率大小依次为WP1,WP2,WP3,CK,各处理的果粒体积增长速率均在7月15日达到最大.使用熵值法对各处理的产量与品质进行评价,各处理得分大小依次为WP1,WP2,CK,WP3.说明每日恰当的微喷处理可以显著提高葡萄净光合速率,果粒体积与果粒体积增长速率,产量与品质,但当微喷时间较长时也会影响葡萄产量与品质,因此以微喷1 h/d为最优.

Effects of mist spray on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of grape

In order to study the effects of drip irrigation(irrigation method)+ mist spray(cooling and humidifying measures)on the photosynthetic characteristics, physiological indexes, yield and quality of grape, three treatments(WP1, WP2 and WP3)and a control(CK)were set up in experiments. The photosynthetic characteristics, grain volume, yield and quality of grape in these treatments were measured during fruit swelling period. The results showed that the daily variation of intercellular CO₂ concentration in the mist spray treatments was lower than in the control, and the lowest concentration of intercellular CO₂ occurred in WP1 treatment. The net photosynthetic rate of all the treatments showed an M-shaped profile, i.e. the phenomenon called ″midday depression″ appeared at 14:00. In the mist spray treatments, however, the time for ″midday depression″ was shorter than in the control, further, the net photosynthetic rate in WP1 treatment decreased slightly at 14:00. The growth rate and fruit grain volume were in a rank of WP1, WP2, WP3 and CK from the largest to smallest, and the growth rate of fruit grain volume in each treatment reached the maximum on July 15. The yield and quality of each treatment were evaluated by using entropy method, and the corresponding scores were in a rank like WP1, WP2, CK and WP3 from the highest to the lowest. It was suggested that an appropriate mist spray could significantly improve net photosynthetic rate, growth rate of fruit grain volume and fruit grain vo-lume, yield and quality of grape. However, a longer mist spray could also reduce grape yield and qua-lity, so a mist spray for 1 hour per day was the best.