海洋生境棘孢木霉TCS007菌株的鉴定及抑菌活性

为研究一株分离自南极海洋沉积物的菌株TCS007的分类地位、菌株抗逆性能及抑菌活性，采用形态及ITS序列分析对菌株进行了鉴定；比较了低温、高温及高盐3种胁迫条件下与正常条件下TCS007的菌丝生长差异，以评价菌株的抗逆性能；通过平板对峙试培养法测定了TCS007对16种植物病原真菌的抑菌谱；用乙酸乙酯提取TCS007发酵滤液中的代谢产物，并通过菌丝生长速率法测定了其对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum的抑制活性。结果显示:TCS007菌株被鉴定为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum，并展现出在高盐胁迫下具有良好的抗逆性能；其对16种供试植物病原真菌的抑制率在56.65%~87.62%之间，其中对小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminsis的抑制活性最高。TCS007发酵滤液乙酸乙酯提取物对油菜菌核病菌具有明显的抑制作用，其EC₅₀值为38.80 μg/mL。研究结果表明，TCS007及其代谢产物具有拮抗植物病原真菌的生防功能，具有开发成生物农药的潜在价值。

Identification and antifungal activity of marine Trichoderma asperellum TCS007

In this study, the classification status and antifungal activity of a marine strain Trichoderma TCS007 was studied, as well as its tolerance to 3 environment stress factors (low temperature, high temperature and salt). The strain TCS007 displayed a high tolerance performance to salt stress, and it was identified as Trichoderma asperellum based on morphology and ITS sequence analysis. Results of plate confrontation test indicated that strain TCS007 displayed 56.65%-87.62% inhibition against 16 phytopathogenic fungus. The highest inhibition rate was observed in the case of Gaeumannomyces graminsis. The ethyl acetate extract of TCS007 fermentation filtrate exhibited remarkable inhibiting effect against Sclerotinia sclerotium, and the EC₅₀ value was 38.80 μg/mL. Results demonstrated that the marine stain T. asperellum TCS007 and its metabolite showed outstanding antifungal activities, which had the potential to be developed as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungus.