黄淮海三省两市作物秸秆及其养分资源利用现状分析

摘要：基于历年统计数据和农户调研数据，分析了黄淮海地区作物秸秆及其养分资源的利用情况。结果表明：2007年黄淮海地区秸秆资源数量达到2.1亿t，秸秆N、P2O5、K2O、C养分资源产生量分别在189.8、60.0、298.2、8944.8万t。从秸秆资源利用来看，2006年秸秆还田比例较2000下降6.1%，其中河北省秸秆还田比例上升16.7%，河南和山东两省秸秆还田比例分别下降13.6%、12.6%。从主要作物秸秆还田比例分析，河北省秸秆还田比例中，小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆还田比例历年平均分别达到65.1%、53.0%；河南和山东分别为56.5%、57.1%，44.8%、18.1%。作物秸秆养分还田情况表明：各种秸秆养分中，N、C养分还田比例较低，只有不到50%，大量损失到环境中去； P2O5、K2O养分还田比例较高，平均在60%以上，这与假设的秸秆作燃料和饲料养分的还田率有关，估算中假设大部分畜禽排泄物和秸秆燃料的灰分能够及时还田。因此，加强畜禽粪便和灰分的管理，增加其还田比例，是提高养分循环利用率和减少秸秆养分利用过程中损失的重要途径。

Analysis on the Quantities and Utilization of Crop Straw and its nutrient in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

Abstract: Based on agricultural statistics, investigate data of farmer and a number of data published in the literatures, this paper estimated the amount of straw and its nutrient resources, and analyzed the status of utilization of crop straw and its nutrient resources in Huang-Huai-Hai Region. Results show that with the quantity of crop straw more than 200 Mt in 2007, which include the amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), organic carbon (C) nutrient are 0.19, 0.06, 0.30, 8.95 M t respectively. From the straw resource returned to field, compared to the year of 2000, the percentage of straw resource returned to field fell 13.6%, but the percentage rose 16.7% in Hebei Province while Henan Province and Shandong Province fell 13.6%, 12.6% respectively. From the main crop straw resource returned to field, the percentage of wheat stalk, maize straw resource in Hebei Province reach 65.1%, 53.0% respectively, and Henan Province 56.5%, 57.1% respectively while Shandong Province 44.8%, 18.1% respectively. From the percentage of straw nutrient resource returned to field, nitrogen (N) and organic carbon (C) are below 50%, but phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) are more than 60% averagely, which also may be related to hypothetic of the percentage of straw nutrient returned to field as fuel and fodder, which supposed a majority of livestock and poultry excretion and ash of straw as fuel returned to field timely. Therefore to strengthen the livestock and poultry manure and ash management and increase those proportion of returned to field are important to raise the utilization rate of nutrient cycling and reduce the use of straw nutrient loss in environment.