Improvements to newly sown ryegrass by use of combined fungicide and insecticide treatment |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;2. WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia;3. Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA;4. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;5. World Obesity Federation, London, UK;6. National Cancer Institute of Brazil, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;7. UK Health Forum, London, UK;8. Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;1. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia;2. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia;3. Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;4. Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Fungicide seed treatment using benomyl+captan, combined with postemergence sprays of the insecticides chlorpyrifos and omethoate increased herbage yield 10 weeks after sowing in five of eight sowings of Italian and perennial ryegrass. At one sowing, five other fungicide seed treatments—carbendazim+captan, thiabendazole+captan, thiabendazole+thiram, thiabendazole+metalaxyl, and drazoxolon—combined with the insecticide sprays, also increased yield. The insecticides were shown to give good control of shoot-fly larvae, but the yield response to insecticides alone was not as great as that from the combined treatment. As fungicide seed treatment alone increased seedling emergence at one sowing only, possibly the fungicides improved seedling vigour by reducing sub-lethal attacks from soil-borne diseases. The combination of a fungicide and insecticide seed treatment was used at five sowings with no effect. |
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