Area-wide suppression of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Nicaragua |
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| Institution: | 1. Escuela de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua, Leon, Nicaragua;2. Crop Protection Project, MIDINRA-Deutsche Gesellschaft f. Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH, Managua, Nicaragua;1. Asian Institute of Technology, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Bangkok, 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand;2. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR G-Eau, F-34398, Montpellier, France;3. The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut''s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-Uthit Rd., Bangkok, 10140, Thailand;4. Centre of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, PERDO, Bangkok, Thailand;1. Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;2. Center of Plasma Technology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;3. Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt;4. Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;1. West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, PMB 30, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana;2. Department of Crop Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, P. O. Box LG 44, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana |
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| Abstract: | Between 1982 and 1984, the Nicaraguan Ministry of Agricultural Development and Agrarian Reform (MIDINRA) used an area-wide network of trap crops of cotton from February to August to suppress boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) on 17450 ha (1982–1983) and 35 200 ha (1983–1984) of cotton land in the Leon region of Nicaragua. In the 1982–1983 season the programme reduced boll weevil infestations (expressed as weevil-days) 89% in Zone II (normal rainfall area) when compared with untreated controls. This suppression of adult weevils resulted in a reduction from 18 to 10 seasonal applications of methyl parathion for weevil control. The programme reduced weevil insecticide costs per kg of raw cotton produced by an area-wide average of 43%. In the 1983–1984 season the programme reduced weevil-days by an area-wide 36% in commercial fields. In Zone II, trap cropping reduced by 40% the quantity of insecticides applied for weevil control. Weevil control costs per kg of raw cotton produced were reduced by 44%. Non-significant cost reductions for weevil control in Zone I may have been due to early drought, cattle grazing on trap crop areas, or inadequate management of trap crops. The 2-year programme was the largest mobilization of public and private resources for pest management ever undertaken in Nicaragua, and gives practical evidence that suppression of between-season boll weevil populations can form the basis for more profitable control of this key pest in the commercial cotton season. |
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