仿生偏柱式减阻深松铲设计及离散元仿真分析

过大的深松阻力是限制深松作业效果及深松机推广的重要原因之一，而深松阻力主要由深松铲引起，因而改进其结构、减小其作业阻力将有助于节能降耗及深松作业的推广。以善于挖掘的竹鼠及蚁狮幼虫为仿生对象，应用三维扫描仪对竹鼠爪趾及蚁狮幼虫进行结构获取，建立竹鼠爪趾及蚁狮幼虫背部的三维曲面。应用逆向工程原理提取优异的挖掘曲线，据此建立偏柱式深松铲三维模型。以深松深度、深松铲宽度及深松铲入土角为设计目标，设计出3种仿生偏柱式深松铲，并提出一种偏柱式深松铲铲柄的设计方法。应用EDEM软件对深松阻力进行模拟可知，深松铲铲柄及铲尖的仿生设计可有效减小其深松阻力，最大可减阻12.92%。仿生偏柱式深松铲设计将为深松铲结构优化提供新的设计思路。 

Design and DEM analysis of bionic drag-reducing slant column subsoilers

Excessive subsoiling resistance is one of important reasons that restrict effect of subsoiling operation and popularization of subsoiling machines．The subsoiling resistance is mainly caused by subsoiler, thus it will contribute to promotion of subsoiling, energy conservation and consumption reduction with improving subsoiler structures meanwhile reducing working resistance．Digging bamboo rat （Rhizomyidae） and antlion （Myrmeleon sagax） larvae were used as bionic objects．Structure of bamboo rat paw and antlion larvae was obtained by three-dimensional scanner Konica Minolta Vivid 910, hereby three-dimensional surface of bamboo rat paw and antlion larvae back was established．Excellent excavation curves were extracted by reverse engineering, solid models of slant column subsoilers were established．For targets of subsoiling depth, width and penetrating angle, a series of bionic slant column subsoilers was designed．In the meanwhile, a kind of design method was put forword for shovel shaft of slant column subsoilers．Simulation of subsoiling resistance by EDEM software showed that bionic design of subsoilers’ shovel shaft and shovel pointed could effectively reduce subsoiling resistance, and the maximum reduction rate was 12.92%．Design of bionic slant column subsoiler would provide a new design idea for its structural optimization．