虫粪有机肥对番茄生长及品质的影响

以"西奥多"番茄为试验材料,通过小区试验,以不施有机肥为对照,研究了黄粉虫虫粪、黑水虻粪、白星花金龟粪3种虫粪有机肥和鸡粪对番茄生长及品质的影响,以期为虫粪有机肥的合理应用提供参考依据。结果表明:与对照相比,在移栽后95d时,黑水虻粪和白星花金龟粪处理显著提高了番茄株高,而鸡粪和黄粉虫虫粪处理对番茄株高无显著影响;各有机肥处理均能显著提高番茄叶绿素的含量,其中白星花金龟粪处理番茄叶绿素含量最高;黄粉虫粪、黑水虻粪、白星花金龟粪处理使番茄产量和维生素C含量分别提高了34.08%、28.54%、35.09%和12.26%、19.36%、22.87%。施用虫粪的增产效果和对番茄维生素C含量影响优于鸡粪。白星花金龟粪与鸡粪处理对番茄的总酸度无显著影响,而黄粉虫粪和黑水虻粪处理提高了番茄总酸度;鸡粪与黑水虻粪处理对番茄硝酸盐含量无显著影响,而黄粉虫粪处理提高了硝酸盐含量,白星花金龟粪处理降低了硝酸盐含量;各有机肥处理对番茄还原糖含量无显著影响。综上所述,施用虫粪有机肥能够提高番茄的产量和品质,且在效果上要优于传统的鸡粪有机肥,其中效果最好的是白星花金龟粪和黑水虻虫粪。

Influence of Frass Organic Manure on Tomato Growth and Quality

The effects of three kinds of frass(Tenebrio molitor frass,Hermetia illucens L.frass and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass)and chicken manure on the growth and quality of’Siauto’tomato were studied by plot experiments,in order to provide reference for the rational application of frass manure.The results showed that application of Hermetia illucens L.frass and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass significantly increased the tomato plant height at 95 days after transplanting compared with the control,while the plant height of tomatoes treated with chicken manure and Tenebrio molitor frass had no significant effect.The content of chlorophyll in tomato was significantly increased by manure treatments,and the highest chlorophyll content was found in tomato treated with Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass.Application of Tenebrio molitor frass,Hermetia illucens L.frass,and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass increased the tomato yield and vitamin C content respectively by 34.08%,28.54%,35.09% and 12.26%,19.36%,22.87%.Application of three kind of frass were better effective than chicken manure on tomato yield and vitamin C.Application of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis and chicken manure had no significant effect on the total acidity of tomato,but the total acidity of tomato increased in the treatments of Tenebrio molitor frass and Hermetia illucens L.frass.Application of chicken manure and Hermetia illucens L.frass had no significant effects on the nitrate content of tomato,while the application of Tenebrio molitor frass increased nitrate content,and Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis frass reduced the nitrate content.Manure treatments had no significant effects on the reducing sugar content of tomato.In summary,the application of frass manure could improve the yield and quality of tomatoes,and the effect was better than the traditional organic manure of chicken manure,of which the best effect were the ProtaetiabrevitarsisLewis frass and Hermetia illucens L.frass.