黄土高原干旱地区农田杂草和党参对耕作模式的响应

连续3年在2个不同耕作季节选择免耕、深耕不耙、深耕耙平、旋耕4种耕作方法,研究其对党参田间优势杂草种群的影响以及耕作方式协同杂草作用对党参产量的影响。结果表明:参田中一年生杂草以虫食(Corispermum declinatum Steph.ex Stev.var.declinatum)、荠(Capsella bursapastoris(Linn.) Medic)、灰灰菜(Chenopodium album L.)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.)为优势种群,多年生杂草以田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis L.)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum(Linn.) Gaertn.)为优势种群;免耕参田杂草种类最多,数量最大,党参产量最低;夏季干旱时节深耕耙平参田杂草种类、数量均最少,党参产量最高。夏季高温干旱时节进行深耕耙平能够有效的控制党参田间杂草,提高参田产量,在一定程度上降低了除草成本,可作为党参绿色种植控草技术进行推广应用。

Response of Weeds and Dangshen to the Tillage Method in Loess Plateau Arid Region

To study the influence of tillage method at different seasons on the advantage weed populations in Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf.field and the influence of synergistic effect between tillage method and weeds on the Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf.yield.We chose four tillage methods at two different seasons in three years in a row,they were respectively no-tillage,deep ploughing and no rake flat,deep ploughing and rake flat,rotary tillage.The results showed that the annual weeds Corispermum declinatum Steph.ex Stev.var.declinatum,Capsella bursapastoris (Linn.) Medic., Chenopodium album L., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.,and the perennial weeds Convolvulus arvensis L., Agropyron cristatum (Linn.) Gaertn.were the advantage populations in the Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf.field.The kinds and numbers of the weeds were the highest and yield of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf.was the lowest with no tillage.The kinds and numbers of the weeds were both the lowest and the yield of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf.was the highest with deep ploughing and rake flat at summer drought.The weeds could be controlled effectively by deep ploughing and rake flat at high temperature and drought in summer.It could reduce the cost of the weeding,and increased the yield of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf..It can be popularized and applied as the green weeds control technique.