类固醇激素的环境行为及其影响因素

类固醇激素作为一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物,具有很强的内分泌干扰作用,对生态和环境危害极大,其主要来源于包括人类在内的脊椎动物的排放,目前已在环境中被不断检出。通过综述进入环境后类固醇激素发生的吸附、降解、迁移等环境行为的特征,从类固醇激素自身的性质和环境暴露量浓度、环境中的有机质、矿物质以及环境介质的理化性质、共存的有机污染物和微生物等方面对其影响因素进行了归纳和总结。

Environmental Behaviors of Steroid Hormones and the Influencing Factors

As one kind of typical environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals,steroid hormones have serious endocrine disrupting effects on humans or animals,and pose great harm to the ecological and environmental systems.The steroid hormones are mainly from secretions and excretions of vertebrate animals and human beings.Generally,they are easily degraded,but the intermediate or the converted products may still have estrogenic activities.The steroid hormones are classified into estrogens,androgens,progestogens,glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids;many of them,especially estrogens have been continuously detected in the environment,such as soil,sediments,surface water and groundwater.The environmental behaviors of the steroid hormones may be affected by many factors.This paper reviewed the sorption,degradation,and migration behaviors of steroid hormones in the environment,and summarized their influencing factors including the features and exposure levels of steroid hormones,organic matter and minerals in the environment,physical and chemical properties of the environmental medium.It should be noted that the coexistence of organic pollutants such as the antibiotics may play an important role on the degradation and transportation of steroid hormones,because antibiotics may not only compete with steroid hormones for adsorption sites,but may influence the microbial activity as well,and the microorganism activities have been proved to be the exactly main factor to degrade the steroid hormones.On the basis of current studies on the estrogens,the tendency for the future research in this field was suggested.