不同氮肥用量对绿芦笋产量及营养品质的影响

2007年3~7月在西辽河平原的内蒙古民族大学实验农场，以3年生芦笋格兰德(Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Grande)为试材，研究了不同氮肥用量对绿芦笋产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明，采笋期施氮量在N 0~360 kg/hm2的范围内，绿芦笋产量和合格笋率均随施氮量的增加而增加；嫩茎抽生数和其叶绿素含量的增加是笋产量增加的主要原因。施氮促进细茎笋（直径小于0.5 cm）长粗从而降低了不合格笋的比例。随着氮肥用量的增加，叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量增加，而类胡萝卜素的含量变化不大。粗蛋白质、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量均随施氮量的增加而增加；矿质元素含量在适宜施氮水平下较高，高施氮和不施氮处理含量均较低。采笋前期芦丁含量较高且随施氮量的增加而减少，采笋后期芦丁含量降低，且处理间差异变小。在试验条件下，施氮量在N 240 kg/hm2左右，不仅具有较高的产量水平和较好的营养品质，而且增产效果明显。

Effects of different amount of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and nutrient quality of green asparagus

In experimental farm of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities from March to July in 2007, using three-year Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Grande as experimental material, we studied the effect of different amount of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and nutrient quality of green asparagus. The results are as the following: the yield of green asparagus and rate of qualified green asparagus goes up with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer during the harvesting time when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is within N 0~360 kg/ha. The occurance number of tender stem and the increase of the amount of chlorophyll are the major reason for the increase of the yield of green asparagus, while applying nitrogen fertilizer can make thin asparagus (whose diameter is less than 0.5 cm) long and wide thus decreases the rate of unqualified asparagus. With the increase of amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the content of chlorophyll a and b increase, and the content of carotenoid have no obvious change. The content of crude protein, soluble protein and soluble sugar all increase with the increase of amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The content of mineral elements are much higher when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is appropriate, but which is lower when the amount of nitrogen is too much or little. Before harvesting time, the content of rutin are much higher and decreases with the increase of amount of nitrogen fertilizer, while after harvesting time, the content of rutin decreases and the difference among each treatment was not obvious. Under this experimental condition, when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is about N 240 kg/ha, green asparagus not only has higher yield and better nutrient quality, but also its yield has obvious lifted with the increasing of the nitrogen fertilizer.