滴施缩节胺对棉花生长发育及产量的影响

为明确北疆棉区滴施缩节胺（DPC）的可行性,连续2年设置4个滴施DPC水平（D1：262.5g/hm²、D2：525.0g/hm²、D3：1050.0g/hm²和D4：2100.0g/hm²）,以喷施525.0g/hm² DPC为对照（CK）,分析滴施不同剂量DPC对棉花农艺性状、干物质积累量及分配、产量及纤维品质的影响。结果表明,棉花的株高随滴施DPC剂量的增加略呈降低趋势,D4处理的株高分别较D1、D2和D3处理降低了13.31%、12.71%和5.44%（2019年）。D2处理的棉花株高与主茎节间长均与CK处理无显著差异,但显著缩短了部分果枝的第2果节长度。滴施处理下,初花期生殖器官干物质占比随着DPC用量增加而增加,D4处理较D1处理增加了5.67%。与CK处理相比,盛铃期D2与D4处理的干物质积累量略有减少。2019年各处理间的产量构成因素及皮棉产量无显著差异;2020年D3处理籽棉产量相比其他滴施DPC处理平均增加了4.90%,CK处理单株结铃数与籽棉产量比滴施处理分别平均增加了0.37与484.94kg/hm²。各处理对棉花的纤维品质影响无显著差异。因此,北疆棉区滴施DPC可有效控制棉花生长,滴施剂量1050.0g/hm²时效果较好。

Effects of DPC through Drip Irrigation on Growth and Yield of Cotton

The goal of the experiment was to see if dropping DPC was feasible and to understand the varied impacts of DPC absorption through cotton leaves and roots on cotton growth and yield. In this experiment, four levels of DPC were set (D1: 262.5g/ha, D2: 525.0g/ha, D3: 1050.0g/ha, D4: 2100.0g/ha). The control was spraying DPC at a rate of 525.0g/ha (CK). Different DPC dosages were examined and analysed for their impact on cotton agronomic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield, and fibre quality. The results showed that plant height slightly decreased with the increase of the DPC dose. In 2019, plant height of D4 treatment was decreased by 13.31%, 12.71% and 5.44% compared with that of D1, D2 and D3 treatments. The plant height and internode length of main stem of D2 treatment were not significantly different from the CK treatment, but the length of some fruit branches was significantly shortened. Under drip treatment, the dry matter ratio of reproductive organs at the initial flowering stage increased with the increase of the dosage of DPC, and D4 treatment increased by 5.67% compared with D1 treatment. Compared with CK treatment, the dry matter accumulation of D2 and D4 treatments decreased slightly during the full bolling stage. In 2019, there was no significant difference in yield components and cotton yield among treatments. In 2020, the seed cotton yield of D3 treatment was increased by 4.90% compared with other DPC treatments. Compared with drip treatment, CK treatment increased the number of single plant knots and seed cotton yield by 0.37 and 484.94kg/ha. All the treatments had no difference on the fiber quality of cotton. Therefore, the DPC drip application in the northern Xinjiang cotton area could effectively control the cotton growth, and the effect was better when the drip application dose was 1050.0g/ha.