不同肥料类型对植烟土壤及烤烟品质的影响研究

为探究不同肥料类型对植烟土壤养分及烤烟品质的影响,以云烟87为材料,分析了大田常规施肥（CK）、草炭（T1）、微生物菌剂（T2）和高碳基肥（T3）4个处理对土壤的理化性质、微生物数量、酶活性、烟株根系活力及烤后烟叶化学成分和中性致香物质的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,T1处理显著提高了土壤养分含量,T2和T3处理次之,且T1处理降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度。烟叶生长期间,T1处理土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性和烟株根系活力显著升高,T2和T3处理次之。T1和T3处理烤后烟叶中总糖和钾含量较高,化学成分较协调,中性香气物质含量也较高。整体而言,3种肥料均可一定程度地改良植烟土壤、提升烟叶品质,其中以草炭效果更为显著。

Effects of Different Fertilizer Types on Tobacco Planting Soil and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

To investigate the effects of different fertilizer types on soil nutrients and the quality of flue-cured tobacco, the effects of conventional fertilization on soil (CK), peat (T1), microbial agents (T2) and high-carbon fertilizers (T3) were examined on the physical and chemical properties, microbial amount and enzyme activity of the soil, root activity of the tobacco plant and chemical composition of the leaves and neutral flavor-causing substances after baking were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK, T1 treatment significantly increased soil nutrient levels, followed by T2 and T3 treatments, and T1 treatment reduced soil bulk density and increased soil porosity. During tobacco growth, T1 treatment significantly increased the number of soil microorganisms, enhanced soil enzyme activity, and promoted root activity of tobacco plants, followed by T2 and T3 treatments. With T1 and T3 treatments, the total sugar and potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves was higher, the chemical composition was balanced, and the level of neutral flavor compounds was higher. Overall, the three fertilizers could improve the tobacco planting soil and the quality of tobacco leaves, especially peat.