纳米锌和离子锌对水稻产量形成及籽粒锌含量的影响

以优质食味粳稻南粳9108为材料,于2018和2019年采用盆栽试验方式,设置了纳米锌和离子锌2种锌形态及4个施用量（0、7.5、30和60kg/hm²）处理,研究了不同用量纳米锌和离子锌对水稻产量及其构成因素和籽粒锌积累量的影响,为水稻锌肥合理选择和施用提供科学依据。结果表明,与不施锌处理（CK）相比,纳米锌和离子锌施用均能显著增加水稻产量,各处理增产幅度在1.3%~11.9%,且水稻籽粒产量随锌施用量的增加而增加。相同锌施用量条件下,纳米锌增产效果显著高于离子锌处理,其原因在于纳米锌处理水稻具有更高的有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率。与离子锌处理相比,纳米锌处理显著提高了水稻干物质积累量、叶面积指数、叶片净光合速率、叶片气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率,从而促进了水稻产量的形成。与CK处理相比,纳米锌和离子锌施用均可显著增加籽粒锌含量和锌积累量。纳米锌处理的籽粒锌含量和积累量分别较离子锌处理增加了4.5%~10.3%和6.2%~15.4%。综上所述,对于促进水稻籽粒产量及其构成因素,纳米锌较离子锌具有明显优势,同时施用纳米锌能够有效提高籽粒锌含量,可作为提高稻米营养品质的有效措施。

Effects of Nano-Zinc and Ion-Zinc on Rice Yield Formation and Grain Zinc Content

In this study, pot experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019 to examine the effects of nano-Zn and ion-Zn application (at dosages of 0, 7.5, 30 and 60kg/ha) on rice yield, yield components, and grain zinc accumulation. Nanjing 9108 rice cultivar with good taste quality was used as material. The influence of nano-Zn and ion-Zn on rice yield and its components and grain zinc accumulation was studied, which provides a scientific basis for the rational selection and application of rice zinc fertilizer. The results showed that both nano-Zn and ion-Zn application significantly increased rice yield by 1.3% and 11.9% compared with no zinc treatment, and rice grain yield increased with the increase of zinc application. Under the same condition of zinc application amount, the yield increase effect of nano-Zn was significantly higher than that of ion-zinc treatment due to the higher effective panicles number, spikelets per panicle and seed-setting rate of nano-Zn treatment. Compared with ion-Zn treatment, nano-Zn treatment significantly improved rice dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, net leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and transpiration rate, thus promoting the formation of rice yield. Both nano-Zn and ion-Zn application significantly increased the grain zinc content and zinc accumulation compared with the control treatment. The nano-Zn treatment grain zinc content and zinc accumulation were increased by 4.5%-10.3% and 6.2%-15.4% compared with the ion-zinc treatment, respectively. In conclusion, for promoting rice grain yield and its components, compared with ion-Zn, nano-Zn had obvious advantages, and the application of nano-Zn could effectively improve the zinc content of grain, which could be used as an effective measure to improve the nutritional quality of rice.